The M-CAT motif is a cis-regulatory DNA sequence that is essential for muscle-specific transcription of several genes. Previously, we had shown that both muscle-specific (A1) and ubiquitous (A2) factors bind to an essential M-CAT motif in the myosin heavy chain gene and that the ubiquitous factor is transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF)-1. Here we report the isolation of mouse cDNAs encoding two forms (a and b) of a TEF-1-related protein, TEFR1. The TEFR1a cDNA encodes a 427-amino acid protein. The coding region of TEFR1b is identical to 1a in both nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence except for the absence of 43 amino acids downstream of the TEA DNA-binding domain. Three TEFR1 transcripts (7, 3.5, and 2 kilobase pairs) are enriched in differentiated skeletal muscle (myotubes) relative to undifferentiated skeletal muscle (myoblasts) and non-muscle cells in culture. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that TEFR1 transcripts are enriched in the skeletal muscle lineage during mouse embryogenesis. Transient expression of fusion proteins of TEFR1 and the yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain in cell lines activated the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs containing GAL4 binding sites, indicating that TEFR1 contains an activation domain. An anti-TEFR1 polyclonal antibody supershifted the muscle-specific M-CATA1 factor complex in gel mobility shift assays, suggesting that TEFR1 is a major component of this complex. Our results suggest that TEFR1 might play a role in the embryonic development of skeletal muscle in the mouse.

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