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Volume 272, Number 11, Issue of March 14, 1997 pp. 6854-6857
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

COMMUNICATION:
HIV-1 Entry and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1beta -mediated Signaling Are Independent Functions of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5

(Received for publication, December 17, 1996, and in revised form, January 8, 1997)

Michael Farzan Dagger , Hyeryun Choe Dagger , Kathleen A. Martin , Ying Sun Dagger , Mary Sidelko Dagger , Charles R. Mackay par , Norma P. Gerard ** , Joseph Sodroski Dagger §§ and Craig Gerard **

From the Dagger  Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and the §§ Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the  Perlmutter Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and the ** Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, and par  LeukoSite, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the presence of specific chemokine receptors in addition to CD4 to enter its target cell. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is used by macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, which predominate during the asymptomatic stages of infection. Here we investigate whether the ability of CCR5 to signal in response to its beta -chemokine ligands is necessary or sufficient for viral entry. Three CCR5 mutants with little or no ability to mobilize calcium in response to macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta could nonetheless support HIV-1 entry and the early steps in the virus life cycle with efficiencies comparable with those of wild-type CCR5. Conversely, a chimeric receptor with the N terminus of CCR2 replacing that of CCR5 responded to macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta and MCP-1 but did not efficiently support viral entry. These results demonstrate that chemokine signaling and HIV-1 entry are separable functions of CCR5 and that only viral entry requires the N-terminal domain of CCR5.


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