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(Received for publication, October 25, 1996, and in revised form, January 17, 1997)
From the The ATX1 gene of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae was originally identified as a multi-copy suppressor
of oxidative damage in yeast lacking superoxide dismutase. We now
provide evidence that Atx1p helps deliver copper to the copper
requiring oxidase Fet3p involved in iron uptake. atx1
Volume 272, Number 14,
Issue of April 4, 1997
pp. 9215-9220
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
,
Division of Toxicological Sciences,
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, the ¶ Cell
Biology and Metabolism Branch, NICHHD, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and the § Department of Chemistry,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
null mutants are iron-deficient and are defective in the high affinity
uptake of iron. These defects due to ATX1 inactivation are
rescued by copper treatment, and the same has been reported for strains
lacking either the cell surface copper transporter, Ctr1p, or the
putative copper transporter in the secretory pathway, Ccc2p. Atx1p
localizes to the cytosol, and our studies indicate that it functions as
a carrier for copper that delivers the metal from the cell surface
Ctr1p to Ccc2p and then to Fet3p within the secretory pathway. The iron
deficiency of atx1 mutants is augmented by mutations in
END3 blocking endocytosis, suggesting that a parallel
pathway for intracellular copper trafficking is mediated by
endocytosis. As additional evidence for the role of Atx1p in iron
metabolism, we find that the gene is induced by the same iron-sensing
trans-activator, Aft1p, that regulates CCC2 and
FET3.
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