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Region of the Expressed and Silent Xist
Alleles
(Received for publication, December 6, 1996, and in revised form, February 14, 1997)
,
and
From the The Xist (X inactive specific
transcript) gene plays an essential role in X chromosome inactivation.
To elucidate the mechanisms controlling Xist expression and
X inactivation, we examined in vivo DNA-protein
interactions in the Xist promoter region in a female mouse
cell line (BMSL2), which has distinguishable Xist alleles.
In vivo footprinting was accomplished by treatment of cells
with dimethyl sulfate or ultraviolet light, followed by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction of purified DNA. The expressed allele on the inactive X chromosome and the silent allele on
the active X chromosome were separated by the use of a restriction fragment length polymorphism prior to ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. The chromatin structure of the Xist
promoter was found to be consistent with the activity state of the
Xist gene. The silent allele (on the active X chromosome)
showed no footprints, while the expressed allele (on the inactive X
chromosome) showed footprints at a consensus sequence for a CCAAT box,
two weak Sp1 sites, and a weak TATA box.
Biology Department, Beckman Research
Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010 and the
§ Section of Comparative Biology, Medical Research Council
Clinical Sciences Centre, Royal Postgraduate Medical School,
Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road,
London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
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