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Volume 272, Number 17, Issue of April 25, 1997 pp. 11228-11235
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Low Fidelity Mutants in the O-Helix of Thermus aquaticus DNA Polymerase I

(Received for publication, December 26, 1996, and in revised form, February 19, 1997)

Motoshi Suzuki Dagger , Amy K. Avicola Dagger , Leroy Hood § and Lawrence A. Loeb Dagger

From Dagger  The Joseph Gottstein Memorial Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Box 357705, and the § Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7705

We screened 67 mutants in the O-helix of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase I (pol I) for altered fidelity of DNA synthesis. These mutants were obtained (Suzuki, M., Baskin, D., Hood, L., and Loeb, L. A. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 9670-9675) by substituting an oligonucleotide containing random sequences for codons 659-671, and selecting for complementation of a growth defect in Escherichia coli caused by temperature-sensitive host pol I. Thirteen mutants decreased fidelity in a screen that employed primer extension reactions lacking one of four complementary deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Three mutants were purified and exhibited 29-68% of wild-type specific activity. Homogeneous polymerases A661E, A661P, and T664R extended primers further than the wild-type, synthesizing past template nucleotides for which the complementary dNTP was absent. The data indicate that both misinsertion of incorrect nucleotides and extension of mispaired primer termini were increased. In a lacZalpha forward mutation assay, A661E and T664R yielded mutation frequencies at least 7- and 25-fold greater, respectively, than that of the wild-type polymerase. These findings emphasize the importance of the O-helix in substrate recognition and are compatible with a role for pyrophosphate release in enhancing fidelity of DNA synthesis.


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