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(Received for publication, December 20, 1996, and in revised form, February 18, 1997)
From the Department of Physiology, University of Innsbruck, A-6010
Innsbruck, Austria and the § Department of Pharmacology,
University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
Overexpression of a constitutively active
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK or MEK) induces neuronal
differentiation in adrenal pheochromocytoma 12 cells but transformation
in fibroblasts. In the present study, we used a constitutively active
MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1) mutant
to investigate the function of the highly conserved MEK1-ERK2 signaling
module in renal epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation.
Stable expression of constitutively active MEK1 (CA-MEK1) in epithelial MDCK-C7 cells led to an increased basal and serum-stimulated ERK1 and
ERK2 phosphorylation as well as ERK2 activation when compared with
mock-transfected cells. In both mock-transfected and
CA-MEK1-transfected MDCK-C7 cells, basal and serum-stimulated ERK1 and
ERK2 phosphorylation was almost abolished by the synthetic MEK
inhibitor PD098059. Increased ERK2 activation due to stable expression
of CA-MEK1 in MDCK-C7 cells was associated with epithelial
dedifferentiation as shown by both a dramatic alteration in cell
morphology and an abolished cytokeratin expression but increased
vimentin expression. In addition, we obtained a delayed and reduced
serum-stimulated cell proliferation in CA-MEK1-transfected cells
(4.6-fold increase in cell number/cm2 after 5 days of
serum stimulation) as compared with mock-transfected controls
(12.9-fold increase in cell number/cm2 after 5 days). This
result was confirmed by flow cytometric DNA analysis showing that
stable expression of CA-MEK1 decreased the proportion of MDCK-C7 cells
moving from G0/G1 to G2/M as
compared with both untransfected and mock-transfected cells. Taken
together, our data demonstrate an association of increased basal and
serum-stimulated activity of the MEK1-ERK2 signaling module with
epithelial dedifferentiation and growth inhibition in MDCK-C7 cells.
Thus, the MEK1-ERK2 signaling pathway could act as a negative regulator
of epithelial differentiation thereby leading to an attenuation of
MDCK-C7 cell proliferation.
Volume 272, Number 17,
Issue of April 25, 1997
pp. 11426-11433
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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