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Volume 272, Number 17, Issue of April 25, 1997 pp. 11487-11494
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Domain Structure of Human Nuclear DNA Helicase II (RNA Helicase A)

(Received for publication, October 22, 1996, and in revised form, February 19, 1997)

Suisheng Zhang and Frank Grosse

From Abteilung Biochemie, Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Postfach 100813, D-07708 Jena, Germany

Full-length human nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II) was cloned and overexpressed in a baculovirus-derived expression system. Recombinant NDH II unwound both DNA and RNA. Limited tryptic digestion produced active helicases with molecular masses of 130 and 100 kDa. The 130-kDa helicase missed a glycine-rich domain (RGG-box) at the carboxyl terminus, while the 100-kDa form missed both its double-stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) at the amino terminus and its RGG-box. Hence, the dsRBDs and the RGG-box were dispensable for unwinding. On the other hand, the isolated DEXH core alone could neither hydrolyze ATP nor unwind nucleic acids. These enzymatic activities were not regained by fusing a complete COOH or NH2 terminus to the helicase core. Hence, an active helicase required part of the NH2 terminus, the DEXH core, and a C-terminal extension of the core. Both dsRBDs and the RGG-box were bacterially expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. The two dsRBDs had a strong affinity to double-stranded RNA and cooperated upon RNA binding, while the RGG-box bound preferentially to single-stranded DNA. A model is suggested in which the flanking domains influence and regulate the unwinding properties of NDH II.


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