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(Received for publication, August 22, 1996, and in revised form, November 25, 1996)
From the The antibiotic lactacystin was reported to
covalently modify
Volume 272, Number 20,
Issue of May 16, 1997
pp. 13437-13445
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
-Lactone Modify
Multiple Proteasome
-Subunits and Inhibit Intracellular Protein
Degradation and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Antigen
Presentation
,
,
Division of Lymphocyte Biology, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the
§ Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the ¶ Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
and the
Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
-subunit X of the mammalian 20 S proteasome and
inhibit several of its peptidase activities. However, we demonstrate
that [3H]lactacystin treatment modifies all the
proteasome's catalytic
-subunits. Lactacystin and its more potent
derivative
-lactone irreversibly inhibit protein breakdown and the
chymotryptic, tryptic, and peptidylglutamyl activities of purified
20 S and 26 S particles, although at different rates. Exposure to
these agents for 1 to 2 h reduced the degradation of short- and
long-lived proteins in four different mammalian cell lines. Unlike
peptide aldehyde inhibitors, lactacystin and the
-lactone do not
inhibit lysosomal degradation of an endocytosed protein. These agents
block class I antigen presentation of a model protein, ovalbumin
(synthesized endogenously or loaded exogenously), but do not affect
presentation of the peptide epitope SIINFEKL, which does not require
proteolysis for presentation. Generation of most peptides required for
formation of stable class I heterodimers is also inhibited. Because
these agents inhibited protein breakdown and antigen presentation
similarly in interferon-
-treated cells (where proteasomes contain
LMP2 and LMP7 subunits in place of X and Y), all
-subunits must be affected similarly. These findings confirm our prior conclusions that
proteasomes catalyze the bulk of protein breakdown in mammalian cells
and generate the majority of class I-bound epitopes for immune
recognition.
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