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Volume 272, Number 26, Issue of June 27, 1997 pp. 16531-16539
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

The Position Dependence of Translational Regulation via RNA-RNA and RNA-Protein Interactions in the 5-Untranslated Region of Eukaryotic mRNA Is a Function of the Thermodynamic Competence of 40 S Ribosomes in Translational Initiation

(Received for publication, December 19, 1996, and in revised form, April 1, 1997)

Nadejda Koloteva , Peter P. Müller and John E. G. McCarthy

From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), P. O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom and  Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Cap proximity is a requirement to enable secondary structures and RNA-binding proteins to repress translational initiation via the 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) of mammalian mRNAs. We show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, unlike mammalian cells, the in vitro translational repressive effect of the mammalian iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is independent of the site of its target in the 5-UTR, the iron-responsive element (IRE). In vitro studies demonstrate that the binding affinity of IRP1 is also unaffected by the position of the IRE. Using IRE loop mutants, we observe an almost complete loss of IRP1-dependent repression in yeast concomitant with a 150-fold reduction in binding affinity for the IRE target. This mirrors the natural quantitative range of iron-induced adjustment of IRE/IRP1 affinity in mammalian cells. By enhancing the stability of the IRE stem-loop, we also show that its intrinsic folding energy acts together with the binding energy of IRP1 to give an additive capacity to restrict translational initiation. An IRE·IRP1 complex in a cap-distal position in yeast blocks scanning 40 S ribosomes on the 5-UTR. It follows that the position effect of mammalian site-specific translational repression is dictated by the competence of the mammalian preinitiation complex to destabilize inhibitory structures at different steps of the initiation process.

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