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(Received for publication, December 12, 1996, and in revised form, April 14, 1997)
From the Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for
Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The
Netherlands
Progesterone is an important regulator of normal
and malignant breast epithelial cells. In addition to stimulating
development of normal mammary epithelium, it can be used to treat
hormone-dependent breast tumors. However, the mechanism of
growth inhibition by progestins is poorly understood, and only a
limited number of progesterone target genes are known so far. We
therefore decided to clone such target genes by means of differential
display polymerase chain reaction. In this paper, we describe an
improved differential display strategy that eliminates false positives,
along with the identification of nine positive (TSC-22, CD-9,
Na+/K+-ATPase
Volume 272, Number 26,
Issue of June 27, 1997
pp. 16637-16643
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
1, desmoplakin, CD-59,
FKBP51, and three unknown genes) and one negative progesterone target
genes (annexin-VI) from the mammary carcinoma cell line T47D, which is
growth-inhibited by progestins. None of these genes have been reported
before to be progesterone targets. Regulation of desmoplakin, CD-9,
CD-59, Na+/K+-ATPase
1, and annexin-VI by
the progestin suggests that progesterone induces T47D cells to
differentiate. Three of these genes were repressed by estradiol and
up-regulated by the progestin. Estradiol treatment of T47D cells also
leads to formation of lamellipodia and delocalization of two cell
adhesion proteins, E-cadherin and
-catenin. All these effects were
reversed by the progestin. These data suggest that estradiol
dedifferentiates T47D cells, while progestins have the opposite effect.
This may be linked to the capacity of progestins to inhibit tumor
growth.
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