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Volume 272, Number 31, Issue of August 1, 1997 pp. 19248-19252
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Proteolysis of Platelet Cortactin by Calpain

(Received for publication, March 4, 1997, and in revised form, May 5, 1997)

Cai Huang Dagger , Narendra N. Tandon § , Nicholas J. Greco § , Yansong Ni Dagger , Tony Wang and Xi Zhan Dagger

From the Dagger  Department of Experimental Pathology and the § Department of Platelet Biology, The Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, the  Division of Biology, Glaxo and Wellcome Research Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and the  Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University, Washington, D. C. 20037

Cortactin, a substrate of pp60c-src and a potent filamentous actin binding and cross-linking protein, is abundant in circulating platelets. After stimulation of platelet aggregation with collagen, cortactin undergoes a dramatic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation followed by a rapid degradation. The cleavage of platelet cortactin was detected in lysates prepared using either Triton-containing buffer or SDS-sample buffer. However, the degradation of cortactin was not observed in platelets derived from a Glanzmann's patient, who lacked functional integrin alpha IIbbeta 3 (GPIIb-IIIa). In addition, the proteolysis of cortactin was abolished by treating platelets before but not after collagen stimulation with EGTA or calpeptin. Furthermore, recombinant cortactin was digested by µ-calpain in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that cortactin is a substrate for calpain. We also observed that the calpain-mediated digestion in vitro is dependent on the presence of a sequence containing a proline-rich region and multiple tyrosine residues that are phosphorylated by pp60c-src. Tyrosine phosphorylation by pp60c-src up-regulates the activity of calpain toward cortactin. Our data suggest that the calpain-mediated proteolysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated cortactin may provide a mechanism to remodel irreversibly the cytoskeleton in response to platelet agonists.


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