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(Received for publication, May 28, 1997, and in revised form, July 12, 1997)
From the Scallop retinas contain ciliary photoreceptor
cells that respond to light by hyperpolarization like vertebrate rods
and cones, but the response is generated by a different
phototransduction cascade from those of rods and cones. To elucidate
the cascade, we investigated a visual pigment and a G-protein
functioning in the hyperpolarizing cell. Sequencing of cDNAs and
in situ hybridization experiments showed that the
hyperpolarizing cells express a novel subtype of visual pigment, which
showed significant differences in amino acid sequence from other visual
pigments. Cloning cDNA genes of G-protein and immunohistochemical
analysis revealed the presence of an alpha subunit of a Go
type G-protein, 83% identical in amino acid sequence to mammalian
Go(
Volume 272, Number 37,
Issue of September 12, 1997
pp. 22979-22982
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
COMMUNICATION:
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,
,
,
and
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of
Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan and the
Photodynamics Research Center, The Institute of Chemical and
Physical Research (RIKEN), Sendai 980, Japan
) in the nervous system, in the photoreceptive region
of the cells. The results demonstrate that a novel,
Go-mediated, phototransduction cascade is present in the
hyperpolarizing cells. The phototransduction cascade in the scallop
hyperpolarizing cell provides an alternative system to investigate
Go-mediated transduction pathways in the nervous system.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly suggests that the
Go-mediated phototransduction system emerged before the
divergence of animals into vertebrate and invertebrate in the course of
evolution.
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