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(Received for publication, March 17, 1997, and in revised form, July 25, 1997)
From the U.325 INSERM, Département
d'Athérosclérose, Institut Pasteur,
59019 Lille, France
Intracellular fatty acid (FA)
concentrations are in part determined by a regulated import/export
system that is controlled by two key proteins, i.e. fatty
acid transport protein (FATP) and acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), which
respectively facilitate the transport of FAs across the cell membrane
and their esterification to prevent their efflux. The aim of this
investigation was to analyze the expression pattern of FATP and ACS and
to determine whether their expression was altered by agents that affect
FA metabolism through the activation of peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) such as the fibrates and
thiazolidinediones. FATP mRNA was ubiquitously expressed, with
highest levels being detected in adipose tissue, heart, brain, and
testis. Fibrate treatment, which is known to preferentially activate
PPAR
Volume 272, Number 45,
Issue of November 7, 1997
pp. 28210-28217
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Coordinate Regulation of the Expression of the Fatty Acid
Transport Protein and Acyl-CoA Synthetase Genes by PPAR
and
PPAR
Activators
, induced FATP mRNA levels in rat liver and intestine and
induced ACS mRNA levels in liver and kidney. The antidiabetic
thiazolidinedione BRL 49653, which is a high-affinity ligand for the
adipocyte-specific PPAR
form, caused a small induction of muscle but
a robust induction of adipose tissue FATP mRNA levels. BRL 49653 did not affect liver FATP and had a tendency to decrease heart FATP
mRNA levels. ACS mRNA levels in general showed a similar
pattern after BRL 49653 as FATP except for the muscle where ACS
mRNA was induced. This regulation of FATP and ACS expression by
PPAR activators was shown to be at the transcriptional level and could
also be reproduced in vitro in cell culture systems. In the
hepatocyte cell lines AML-12 or Fa 32, fenofibric acid, but not BRL
49653, induced FATP and ACS mRNA levels, whereas in the 3T3-L1
preadipocyte cell line, the PPAR ligand induced FATP and ACS
mRNA levels quicker than fenofibric acid. Inducibility of ACS and
FATP mRNA by PPAR or activators correlated with the
tissue-specific distribution of the respective PPARs and was
furthermore associated with a concomitant increase in FA uptake. Most
interestingly, thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents seem to favor
adipocyte-specific FA uptake relative to muscle, perhaps underlying in
part the beneficial effects of these agents on insulin-mediated glucose
disposal.
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