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(Received for publication, May 8, 1997, and in revised form, July 30, 1997)
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From the Critical intracellular signals in normal and
malignant cells are transmitted by the adaptor protein Grb2 by means of
its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which binds to phosphotyrosyl (pTyr) residues generated by the activation of tyrosine kinases. To understand this important control point and to design inhibitors, previous investigations have focused on the molecular mechanisms by which the
Grb2 SH2 domain selectively binds pTyr containing peptides. In the
current study, we demonstrate that the Grb2 SH2 domain can also bind in
a pTyr independent manner. Using phage display, an 11-amino acid cyclic
peptide, G1, has been identified that binds to the Grb2 SH2 domain but
not the src SH2 domain. Synthetic G1 peptide blocks Grb2 SH2 domain
association (IC50 10-25 µM) with a
9-amino acid pTyr-containing peptide derived from the SHC protein
(pTyr317). These data and amino acid substitution analysis indicate
that G1 interacts in the phosphopeptide binding site. G1 peptide
requires a YXN sequence similar to that found in natural pTyr-containing ligands, and phosphorylation of the tyrosine increases G1 inhibitory activity. G1 also requires an internal disulfide bond to
maintain the active binding conformation. Since the G1 peptide does not
contain pTyr, it defines a new type of SH2 domain binding motif that
may advance the design of Grb2 antagonists.
Vermont Cancer Center, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; ¶ Laboratory of Medicinal
Chemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, NCI, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
Lombardi Cancer Center,
Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007; and the
** Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center,
Washington, D. C. 20007
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