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(Received for publication, August 29, 1996, and in revised form, October 10, 1996)
From the E-selectin expression by endothelium is crucial
for leukocyte recruitment during inflammatory responses.
Transcriptional regulation of the E-selectin promoter by tumor necrosis
factor
Volume 272, Number 5,
Issue of January 31, 1997
pp. 2753-2761
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
-Induced E-selectin Expression Is
Activated by the Nuclear Factor-
B and c-JUN N-terminal
Kinase/p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways
,
,
,
,
Vascular Research Division, Department of
Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and the ** Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, and Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical
School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
(TNF
) requires multiple nuclear factor-
B (NF-
B)
binding sites and a cAMP-responsive element/activating transcription
factor-like binding site designated positive domain II (PDII). Here we
characterize the role of the stress-activated family of
mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in induced expression of this
adhesion molecule. By UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation, we
demonstrated that a heterodimer of transcription factors ATF-2 and
c-JUN is constitutively bound to the PDII site. TNF
stimulation of
endothelial cells induces transient phosphorylation of both ATF-2 and
c-JUN and induces marked activation of the c-JUN N-terminal kinase
(JNK1) and p38 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1).
JNK and p38 are constitutively present in the nucleus, and DNA-bound
c-JUN and ATF-2 are stably contacted by JNK and p38, respectively.
MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), an upstream activator of MAP kinases, increases E-selectin promoter transcription and requires an intact PDII
site for maximal induction. MEKK1 can also activate NF-
B -dependent gene expression. The effects of dominant
interfering forms of the JNK/p38 signaling pathway demonstrate that
activation of these kinases is critical for cytokine-induced E-selectin
gene expression. Thus, TNF
activates two signaling pathways, NF-
B and JNK/p38, which are both required for maximal expression of E-selectin.
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