Volume 272, Number 50, Issue of December 12, 1997 pp. 31217-31220

COMMUNICATION:
Expression Cloning of a Novel Scavenger Receptor from Human Endothelial Cells

(Received for publication, September 11, 1997, and in revised form, October 21, 1997)

Hideki Adachi , Masafumi Tsujimoto , Hiroyuki Arai ^¶ and Keizo Inoue ^¶

From the  Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan and the ^¶ Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

Scavenger receptors mediate the endocytosis of chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) and oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The evidence that endothelial cells possess scavenger receptor activity is substantial, and this property is widely used in the isolation of endothelial cells from vascular tissues. In the current study, we have isolated, by expression cloning, the cDNA encoding a novel type of scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells (SREC), which mediates the binding and degradation of Ac-LDL. The primary structure of the molecule has no significant homology to other types of scavenger receptors, including the recently cloned endothelial cell Ox-LDL receptor, a member of the C-type lectin family. The cDNA encodes a protein of 830 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 85,735 Da (mature peptide). Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing SREC bound ¹²⁵I-labeled Ac-LDL with high affinity (K_d = 3.0 µg/ml, approximately 1.7 nM) and degraded them via an endocytic pathway. Association of DiII-Ac-LDL were effectively inhibited by Ox-LDL, malondialdehyde-modified LDL, dextran sulfate, and polyinosinic acid, but not by natural LDL and heparin. The cloned receptor has several characteristic domain structures, including an N-terminal extracellular domain with five epidermal growth factor-like cysteine pattern signatures and an unusually long C-terminal cytoplasmic domain (391 amino acids) composed of a Ser/Pro-rich region followed by a Gly-rich region.

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