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Volume 272, Number 8, Issue of February 21, 1997 pp. 4836-4842
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Sphingosine Mediates the Immediate Negative Inotropic Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in the Adult Mammalian Cardiac Myocyte

(Received for publication, March 25, 1996, and in revised form, November 26, 1996)

Hakan Oral , Gerald W. Dorn IIDagger and Douglas L. Mann

From the Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and the Dagger  Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267

To determine whether activation of the neutral sphingomyelinase pathway was responsible for the immediate (<30 min) negative inotropic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ), we examined sphingosine levels in diluent and TNF-alpha -stimulated cardiac myocytes. TNF-alpha stimulation of adult feline cardiac myocytes provoked a rapid (<15 min) increase in the hydrolysis of [14C]sphingomyelin in cell-free extracts, as well as an increase in ceramide mass, consistent with cytokine-induced activation of the neutral sphingomyelinase pathway. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lipid extracts from TNF-alpha -stimulated cardiac myocytes showed that TNF-alpha stimulation produced a rapid (<30 min) increase in free sphingosine levels. Moreover, exogenous D-sphingosine mimicked the effects of TNF-alpha on intracellular calcium homeostasis, as well as the negative inotropic effects of TNF-alpha in isolated contracting myocytes; time course studies showed that exogenous D-sphingosine produced abnormalities in cell shortening that were maximal at 5 min. Finally, blocking sphingosine production using an inhibitor of ceramidase, n-oleoylethanolamine, completely abrogated the negative inotropic effects of TNF-alpha in isolated contracting cardiac myocytes. Additional studies employing biologically active ceramide analogs and sphingosine 1-phosphate suggested that neither the immediate precursor of sphingosine nor the immediate metabolite of sphingosine, respectively, were likely to be responsible for the immediate negative inotropic effects of TNF-alpha . Thus, these studies suggest that sphingosine mediates the immediate negative inotropic effects of TNF-alpha in isolated cardiac myocytes.


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