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Volume 272, Number 9, Issue of February 28, 1997 pp. 6059-6066
©1997 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Activation of Human Matrix Metalloproteinases by Various Bacterial Proteinases

(Received for publication, July 23, 1996, and in revised form, October 28, 1996)

Tatsuya Okamoto ^§ , Takaaki Akaike , Moritaka Suga ^§ , Sumio Tanase ^¶ , Hidechika Horie , Seiya Miyajima , Masayuki Ando ^§ , Yoshio Ichinose and Hiroshi Maeda

From the Departments of  Microbiology, ^§ Internal Medicine I, and ^¶ Biochemistry II, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860 and the  Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852, Japan

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing proteinases that participate in tissue remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions. To test the involvement of bacterial proteinases in tissue injury during bacterial infections, we investigated the activation potential of various bacterial proteinases against precursors of MMPs (proMMPs) purified from human neutrophils (proMMP-8 and -9) and from human fibrosarcoma cells (proMMP-1). Each proMMP was subjected to treatment with a series of bacterial proteinases at molar ratios of 0.01-0.1 (bacterial proteinase to proMMP), and activities of MMPs generated were determined. Among six different bacterial proteinases, thermolysin family enzymes (family M4) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, Vibrio cholerae proteinase, and thermolysin strongly activated all three proMMPs via limited proteolysis to generate active forms of the MMPs. N-terminal sequence analysis of the active MMPs revealed that cleavage occurred at the Val⁸²-Leu⁸³ and Thr⁹⁰-Phe⁹¹ bonds of proMMP-1 and proMMP-9, respectively, which are located near the N terminus of the catalytic domain of MMPs. In contrast, Serratia 56-kDa proteinase and Pseudomonas alkaline proteinase, both of which are classified as members of the serralysin subfamily of zinc metalloproteinases (family M10), and Serratia 73-kDa thiol proteinase did not evidence proteolytic processing or activation of proMMP-1, -8, and -9 under these experimental conditions. These results indicate that bacterial proteinases may play an important role in tissue destruction and disintegration of extracellular matrix at the site of infections.

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