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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 11, 6080-6087, March 13, 1998
Oxidation of High Density Lipoproteins
I. FORMATION OF METHIONINE SULFOXIDE IN APOLIPOPROTEINS AI AND
AII IS AN EARLY EVENT THAT ACCOMPANIES LIPID PEROXIDATION AND CAN BE
ENHANCED BY -TOCOPHEROL
Brett
Garner,
Paul K.
Witting,
A. Reginald
Waldeck,
Julie K.
Christison,
Mark
Raftery , and
Roland
Stocker
From the Biochemistry and Immunology Groups, The
Heart Research Institute, Sydney
New South Wales 2050, Australia
The lipids of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are
initially oxidized in preference to those in low density lipoprotein
when human plasma is exposed to aqueous peroxyl radicals. In this work we report on the relative susceptibility of HDL protein and lipid to
oxidation and on the role HDL's -tocopherol ( -TOH) plays in
modulating protein oxidation. Exposure of isolated HDL to either low
fluxes of aqueous peroxyl radicals, Cu2+ ions, or
soybean lipoxygenase resulted in the oxidation of apoAI and apoAII
during the earliest stages of the reaction, i.e. after consumption of ubiquinol-10 and in the presence of -TOH.
Hydro(pero)xides of cholesteryl esters and phospholipids initially
accumulated together with specific oxidized forms of apoAI and apoAII,
separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. The specific oxidized forms of apoAI were 16 and 32 mass units heavier than those of the
native apolipoproteins and contained 1 and 2 methionine sulfoxide residues per protein, respectively. The third methionine residue in
apoAI, as well as Trp residues, remained unoxidized during the earliest
stages of HDL oxidation examined. Exposure of isolated apoAI to peroxyl
radicals, Cu2+, or soybean lipoxygenase resulted in
nonspecific (for peroxyl radicals) or no discernible protein oxidation
(Cu2+ and soybean lipoxygenase). This indicated that the
formation of the specific oxidized forms of apoAI observed with native
HDL was not the result of direct reaction of these oxidants with the apolipoprotein. In vitro and in vivo enrichment
of HDL with -TOH resulted in a dose-dependent increase
in the extent of peroxyl radical-induced formation of HDL cholesteryl
ester hydroperoxides (r = 0.96) and cholesteryl ester
hydroxides (r = 0.92), as well as the loss of apoAI
(r = 0.96) and apoAII (r = 0.94).
-TOH enrichment also enhanced HDL lipid and protein oxidation
induced by Cu2+ or soybean lipoxygenase. These results
indicate that the earliest stages of HDL oxidation are accompanied by
the oxidation of specific methionine residues in apoAI and apoAII and
that in the absence of co-antioxidants, -TOH can promote this
process.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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