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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 12, 6603-6606, March 20, 1998
From the Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
We recently identified a 35-kDa
erythrocyte membrane protein, phospholipid scramblase, that promotes
Ca2+-dependent transbilayer movement of
phosphatidylserine (PS) and other phospholipids (PL) in reconstituted
proteoliposomes (Zhou, Q., Zhao, J., Stout, J. G., Luhm, R. A., Wiedmer, T., and Sims, P. J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem.
272, 18240-18244). To determine whether this same protein is
responsible for the rapid movement of PS from inner-to-outer plasma
membrane leaflets in other cells exposed to elevated cytosolic calcium
concentration ([Ca2+]c), we analyzed how induced
movement of PS to the cell surface related to expression of PL
scramblase. Exposure to Ca2+ ionophore A23187 resulted in
rapid PS exposure in those cell lines constitutively high in PL
scramblase (HEL, Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocytes, and
Jurkat), whereas this response was markedly attenuated in cells
expressing low amounts of this protein (Raji, HL60, and Dami). To
confirm this apparent correlation between PL scramblase expression and
PS egress at elevated [Ca2+]c, Raji cells were
transfected with PL scramblase cDNA in pEGFP-C2, and stable
transformants expressing various amounts of GFP-PL scramblase fusion
protein were obtained. Clones expressing GFP-PL scramblase showed
distinctly plasma membrane-localized fluorescence. When compared either
with untransfected Raji cells or with transformants expressing GFP
alone, clones expressing GFP-PL scramblase fusion protein showed
increased exposure of PS at the cell surface in response to elevated
[Ca2+]c, accompanied by increased expression of
membrane catalytic function for the prothrombinase enzyme complex.
These data indicate that transfection with PL scramblase cDNA
promotes movement of PS to cell surfaces and suggest that this protein
normally mediates redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids in
activated, injured, or apoptotic cells.
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