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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 12, 6632-6642, March 20, 1998
From the Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische
Hochschule Hannover, 30623 Hannover, Germany and
§ GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health,
Institute of Immunology, 81377 München, Germany
In the past, eukaryotic cell-derived complexes of
the Myc/Max/Mad network of transcriptional regulators have largely been refractory to DNA binding studies. We have developed electrophoretic mobility shift assay conditions to measure specific DNA binding of
Myc/Max/Mad network complexes using a COS7 cell-based overexpression system. With the established protocol, we have measured on- and off-rates of c-Myc/Max, Max/Max, and Mad1/Max complexes and determined relative affinities. All three complexes appeared to bind with comparable affinity to a Myc E-box sequence. Furthermore, our data
derived from competition experiments suggested that the Mad3/Max and
Mad4/Max complexes also possess comparable DNA binding affinities. The
conditions established for COS7 cell-overexpressed proteins were then
used to identify c-Myc/Max, Max/Max, and Mnt/Max complexes in HL-60
cells. However, no Mad1/Max could be detected, despite the induction of
Mad1 expression during differentiation. Whereas the DNA binding
activity of c-Myc/Max complexes was down-regulated, Max/Max binding
increased, and Mnt/Max binding remained unchanged. In addition, we have
also tested for upstream stimulatory factor (USF) binding and observed
that, in agreement with published data, USF comprises a major Myc
E-box-binding factor that is more abundant than any of the Myc/Max/Mad
network complexes. Similar to the Mnt/Max complex, the binding activity
of USF remained constant during HL-60 differentiation. Our findings
establish conditions for the analysis of DNA binding of Myc/Max/Mad
complexes and indicate posttranslational regulation of the Max/Max
complex.
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