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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 12, 7127-7133, March 20, 1998
From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7421 and
the ¶ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary,
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
We examined the DNA binding activity
of mouse and human MTF-1 in whole cell extracts from cells cultured in
medium containing zinc or cadmium and from untreated cells after the
in vitro addition of zinc or cadmium, as well as using
recombinant MTF-1 transcribed and translated in vitro and
treated with various transition metals. Incubation of human (HeLa) or
mouse (Hepa) cells in medium containing cadmium (5-15
µM) did not lead to a significant increase (<2-fold) in
the amount of MTF-1 DNA binding activity, whereas zinc (100 µM) led to a 6-15-fold increase within 1 h. MTF-1
binding activity was low, but detectable, in control whole cell
extracts and was increased (>10-fold) after the in vitro
addition of zinc (30 µM) and incubation at 37 °C for
15 min. In contrast, addition of cadmium (6 or 60 µM) did
not activate MTF-1 binding activity. Recombinant mouse and human MTF-1
were also dependent on exogenous zinc for DNA binding activity. Cadmium
did not facilitate activation of recombinant MTF-1, but instead
inhibited the activation of the recombinant protein by zinc.
Interestingly, glutathione (1 mM) protected recombinant
MTF-1 from inactivation by cadmium, and allowed for activation by zinc.
It was also noted that zinc-activated recombinant MTF-1 was protected
from cadmium only when bound to DNA. These results suggest that cadmium
interacts with the zinc fingers of MTF-1 and forms an inactive complex.
Of the several transition metals (zinc, cadmium, nickel, silver,
copper, and cobalt) examined, only zinc facilitated activation of the
DNA binding activity of recombinant MTF-1. These data suggest that transition metals, other than zinc, that activate MT gene expression may do so by mechanisms independent of an increase in the DNA binding
activity of MTF-1.
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