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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 14, 7906-7910, April 3, 1998
From the Departments of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology,
University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0711
The recent identification of the Vzg-1/Edg2
protein as a functional G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic
acid (LPA) has allowed a sequence-based search for new genes that may
encode novel subtypes of LPA receptors. A human cDNA encoding a G
protein-coupled receptor, designated Edg4, was identified by searching
the GenBankTM for homologs of the human Edg2 LPA receptor. The Edg4
protein is 46% identical and 72% similar in amino acid sequence to
human Edg2. When overexpressed in Jurkat T cells, the Edg4 protein
mediated LPA-induced activation of a serum response element reporter
gene with LPA concentration dependence (EC50 of 10 nM) and specificity. This LPA-induced reporter gene
activation could be partially inhibited by pretreatment with pertussis
toxin or C3 exoenzyme, suggesting requirements for both a
Gi protein and Rho GTPase. Overexpression of Edg4 in Jurkat
cells also led to increases in specific binding sites for
[3H]LPA. Northern blots revealed that two
edg4 mRNA transcripts of 1.8 and 8 kilobases are
distributed very differently from edg2 mRNAs in adult
human tissues and several cancer cell lines. The existence and
distinctive tissue expression of structurally different subtypes of LPA
receptors may provide one basis for tissue-specific functions and
permit independent regulation of each subtype of LPA receptor.
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