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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 14, 7967-7971, April 3, 1998
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From the Cellular glycosphingolipids mediate the fusion
between some viruses and the plasma membrane of target cells. In the
present study, we have analyzed the interaction of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 surface envelope glycoproteins
from distinct viral isolates with monolayers of various
glycosphingolipids at the air-water interface. The penetration of the
viral glycoproteins into glycosphingolipid monolayers was detected as
an increase in the surface pressure. We found that HIV-1 recombinant
gp120 (IIIB isolate) could penetrate into a monomolecular film of
Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie de la
Nutrition, UPRESA-CNRS 6033, Faculté des Sciences de St
Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, the ¶ INSERM
U130, avenue Mozart, 13009 Marseille, France, and the
Laboratoire de Virologie, UF SIDA, Hôpital de la Timone,
13005 Marseille, France
-hydroxylated galactosylceramide (GalCer-HFA), while ceramides,
GluCer, and nonhydroxylated GalCer were totally inactive. The
glycoproteins isolated from HIV-1 isolates LAI and NDK and from
HIV-2(ROD) could also interact with a GalCer-HFA monolayer, whereas
gp120 from HIV-1(SEN) and HIV-1(89.6) did not react. These data
correlated with the ability of the corresponding viruses to gain entry
into the CD4
/GalCer+ cell line HT-29,
demonstrating the determinant role of GalCer-HFA in this
CD4-independent pathway of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. In contrast, all
HIV-1 and HIV-2 glycoproteins tested were found to interact with a
monolayer of GM3, a ganglioside abundantly expressed in the plasma
membrane of CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages. A V3
loop-derived synthetic peptide inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection
in both CD4 and CD4+ cells could penetrate
into various glycosphingolipid monolayers, including GalCer-HFA and
GM3. Taken together, these data suggest that the adsorption of human
immunodeficiency viruses to the surface of target cells involves an
interaction between the V3 domain of the surface envelope glycoprotein
and specific glycosphingolipids, i.e. GalCer-HFA for
CD4 cells and GM3 for CD4+ cells.
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