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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 14, 8130-8136, April 3, 1998

HIV-1 Tat Elongates the G₁ Phase and Indirectly Promotes HIV-1 Gene Expression in Cells of Glial Origin

Mondira Kundu, Sunita Sharma, Antonio De Luca, Antonio Giordano, Jay Rappaport, Kamel Khalili, and Shohreh Amini

From the  Center for NeuroVirology and NeuroOncology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 and the  Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) gives rise to many of the neurological complications in patients with AIDS. Infection of microglial cells and astrocytes in the brain promotes the release of HIV-1 Tat and other candidate neurotoxins that may be associated with the widespread neuropathology. To examine the contribution of HIV-1 Tat to the interplay between virus and CNS cells, the human astrocytic cell line, U-87MG, was treated with recombinant Tat protein. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis indicated that Tat induces a G₁ arrest in these cells. Consistent with this observation, lower levels of cyclin E-Cdk2 kinase activity and phosphorylated Rb were detected in the Tat-treated cells compared with the control cells. Interestingly, our observations indicate that the underphosphorylated form of Rb that is prevalent in Tat-treated cells promotes HIV-1 transcription by a mechanism involving the NF-B enhancer region. Taken together, the data presented here provide the first evidence that the HIV-1 regulatory protein, Tat, may manipulate the host cell cycle to promote viral gene expression. The significance of these findings relates to the current hypothesis that indirect effects of HIV-1 infection of the CNS may contribute to the neurological complications associated with AIDS dementia complex.

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