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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 17, 10120-10131, April 24, 1998
From the Expression of
Sugar Response Sequence in the Promoter of a Rice
-Amylase
Gene Serves as a Transcriptional Enhancer
, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences,
National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Molecular Biology,
Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China and the
§ Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
-amylase genes in both rice
suspension cells and germinating embryos is repressed by sugars and the
mechanism involves transcriptional regulation. The promoter of a rice
-amylase gene Amy3 was analyzed by both loss- and
gain-of-function studies and the major sugar response sequence (SRS)
was located between 186 and 82 base pairs upstream of the transcription
start site. The SRS conferred sugar responsiveness to a minimal
promoter in an orientation-independent manner. It also converted a
sugar-insensitive rice actin gene promoter into a sugar-sensitive
promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Linker-scan mutation
studies identified three essential motifs: the GC box, the G box, and
the TATCCA element, within the SRS. Sequences containing either the GC
box plus G box or the TATCCA element each mediated sugar response, however, they acted synergistically to give a high level glucose starvation-induced expression. Nuclear proteins from rice suspension cells binding to the TATCCA element in a sequence-specific and sugar-dependent manner were identified. The TATCCA element
is also an important component of the gibberellin response complex of
the -amylase genes in germinating cereal grains, suggesting that the
regulation of -amylase gene expression by sugar and hormone signals
may share common regulatory machinery.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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