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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 17, 10132-10138, April 24, 1998

Drug-stimulated Nucleotide Trapping in the Human Multidrug Transporter MDR1
COOPERATION OF THE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING DOMAINS

Katalin Szabó^§, Ervin Welker^§, Éva Bakos^§, Marianna Müller, Igor Roninson^¶, András Váradi^§, and Balázs Sarkadi

From the  National Institute of Haematology and Immunology, Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1113 Budapest, Daróczi u. 24, Hungary, the ^§ Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary, and the ^¶ Department of Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612

The human multidrug transporter (MDR1 or P-glycoprotein) is an ATP-dependent cellular drug extrusion pump, and its function involves a drug-stimulated, vanadate-inhibited ATPase activity. In the presence of vanadate and MgATP, a nucleotide (ADP) is trapped in MDR1, which alters the drug binding properties of the protein. Here, we demonstrate that the rate of vanadate-dependent nucleotide trapping by MDR1 is significantly stimulated by the transported drug substrates in a concentration-dependent manner closely resembling the drug stimulation of MDR1-ATPase. Non-MDR1 substrates do not modulate, whereas N-ethylmaleimide, a covalent inhibitor of the ATPase activity, eliminates vanadate-dependent nucleotide trapping. A deletion in MDR1 ( amino acids 78-97), which alters the substrate stimulation of its ATPase activity, similarly alters the drug dependence of nucleotide trapping. MDR1 variants with mutations of key lysine residues to methionines in the N-terminal or C-terminal nucleotide binding domains (K433M, K1076M, and K433M/K1076M), which bind but do not hydrolyze ATP, do not show nucleotide trapping either with or without the transported drug substrates. These data indicate that vanadate-dependent nucleotide trapping reflects a drug-stimulated partial reaction of ATP hydrolysis by MDR1, which involves the cooperation of the two nucleotide binding domains. The analysis of this drug-dependent partial reaction may significantly help to characterize the substrate recognition and the ATP-dependent transport mechanism of the MDR1 pump protein.

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