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Vol. 273, Issue 2, 749-755, January 9, 1998

Involvement of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in the Rapid Induction of the 78-kDa Glucose-regulated Protein in 9L Rat Brain Tumor Cells

Kuang-Den Chen, Liuh-Yow Chen, Huei-Luen Huang, Chien-Hui Lieu, Yen-Ni Chang, Margaret Dah-Tysr Chang, and Yiu-Kay Lai

From the Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China

We have previously shown that treatment with okadaic acid (OA) followed by heat shock (HS) (termed OA right-arrow HS treatment) leads to rapid transactivation of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein gene (grp78) in 9L rat brain tumor cells. A cAMP-responsive element-like (CRE-like, TGACGTGA) promoter sequence and a protein kinase A signaling pathway are involved in this induction, and activation of both CRE binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) is required in the above process. Herein, we report that transactivation of grp78, as well as phosphorylation/activation of ATF-2, can be completely annihilated by SB203580, a highly specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Activation of p38MAPK by OA right-arrow HS is also substantiated by its own phosphorylation as well as the phosphorylation and activation of MAPK activating protein kinase-2 in cells subjected to this treatment. The involvement of p38MAPK in the activation of ATF-2, which leads to the transactivation of rat grp78, is confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a probe containing the CRE-like sequence as well as by transient transfection assays with a plasmid containing a 710-base pair stretch of the grp78 promoter. Together with our previous studies, these results led us to conclude that phosphorylation/activation of CREB upon OA right-arrow HS treatment is mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, whereas that of ATF-2 is mediated by p38MAPK. The transcription factors may bind to each other to form heterodimers that in turn transactivate grp78 by binding to the CRE-like element. This suggests that distinct signaling pathways converge on CREB-ATF-2, where each subunit is individually activated by a specific class of protein kinases. This may allow modulation of grp78 transactivation by diverse external stimuli.


Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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