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Vol. 273, Issue 2, 749-755, January 9, 1998
From the Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University,
Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
We have previously shown that treatment with
okadaic acid (OA) followed by heat shock (HS) (termed OA
HS
treatment) leads to rapid transactivation of the 78-kDa
glucose-regulated protein gene (grp78) in 9L rat brain
tumor cells. A cAMP-responsive element-like (CRE-like, TGACGTGA)
promoter sequence and a protein kinase A signaling pathway are involved
in this induction, and activation of both CRE binding protein (CREB)
and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) is required in the above
process. Herein, we report that transactivation of grp78,
as well as phosphorylation/activation of ATF-2, can be completely
annihilated by SB203580, a highly specific inhibitor of p38
mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Activation of
p38MAPK by OA
HS is also substantiated by its own
phosphorylation as well as the phosphorylation and activation of MAPK
activating protein kinase-2 in cells subjected to this treatment. The
involvement of p38MAPK in the activation of ATF-2, which
leads to the transactivation of rat grp78, is confirmed by
electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a probe containing the
CRE-like sequence as well as by transient transfection assays with a
plasmid containing a 710-base pair stretch of the grp78
promoter. Together with our previous studies, these results led us to
conclude that phosphorylation/activation of CREB upon OA
HS
treatment is mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase,
whereas that of ATF-2 is mediated by p38MAPK. The
transcription factors may bind to each other to form heterodimers that
in turn transactivate grp78 by binding to the CRE-like
element. This suggests that distinct signaling pathways converge on
CREB-ATF-2, where each subunit is individually activated by a specific
class of protein kinases. This may allow modulation of
grp78 transactivation by diverse external stimuli.
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