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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 20, 12407-12414, May 15, 1998

Structural and Functional Properties of Complement-activating Protein M161Ag, a Mycoplasma fermentans Gene Product That Induces Cytokine Production by Human Monocytes

Misako Matsumoto, Miyuki Nishiguchi, Satomi Kikkawa, Hitoshi Nishimura^§, Shigeharu Nagasawa^§, and Tsukasa Seya^¶

From the  Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537, the ^§ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060, and ^¶ PRESTO, JST, Tokyo 105, Japan

Human malignant cells are targeted by homologous complement C3b if they express M161Ag, a 43-kDa protein with C3-activating property. cDNA of M161Ag cloned from human leukemia cell lines predicted M161Ag as a novel secretory protein comprised of 428 amino acids including 5 amino acids encoded by TGA codons (Matsumoto M., Takeda, J., Inoue, N., Hara, T., Hatanaka, M., Takahashi, K., Nagasawa, S., Akedo, H., and Seya, T. (1997) Nat. Med. 3, 1266-1270), although the origin of this gene was obscure. Here we clarified this point through genomic and biochemical analysis: 1) 5'-UT and genomic sequences represented the prokaryote promoter and ribosomal binding site; 2) the TGA codons in M161Ag cDNA were translated not into selenocysteines but into tryptophans; 3) M161Ag anchored onto the membrane secondary to its N-terminal palmitoylation like prokaryote lipoproteins; 4) genomic and cDNA clones of M161Ag were highly homologous to Mycoplasma fermentans gene encoding P48, a monocytic differentiation/activation factor, recently released in the data base, although the resultant proteins were different in the amino acid sequences. Additionally, purified soluble M161Ag efficiently provoked IL-1, tumor necrosis factor , and IL-6 like P48, and further IL-10 and IL-12 in human peripheral blood monocytes. Thus, M161Ag originates from M. fermentans, and latently infected M. fermentans allows human cells to produce M161Ag. The liberated protein serves as a potent modulator of innate and cellular immune responses via its complement-activating and cytokine-producing activities.

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