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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 25, 15321-15324, June 19, 1998
From the Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of
Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin
epoxidase catalyze the addition and removal of epoxide groups in
carotenoids of the xanthophyll cycle in plants. The xanthophyll cycle
is implicated in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excessive
light. Two new sequences for violaxanthin de-epoxidase from tobacco and Arabidopsis are described. Although the mature proteins are
well conserved, the transit peptides of these proteins are divergent, in contrast to transit peptides from other proteins targeted to the
thylakoid lumen. Sequence analyses of both violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase establish the xanthophyll cycle enzymes as
members of the lipocalin family of proteins. The lipocalin family is a
diverse group of proteins that bind small hydrophobic (lipophilic)
molecules and share a conserved tertiary structure of eight 
-strands
forming a barrel configuration. This is the first reported
identification of lipocalin proteins in plants.
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