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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 26, 16568-16575, June 26, 1998
From the Ceramide is an important lipid messenger involved
in mediating a variety of cell functions including apoptosis. However,
mechanisms responsible for ceramide-induced apoptosis remain unclear.
We investigated the possibility that ceramide may decrease
antiapoptotic signaling in cells by inhibiting Akt kinase activity. Our
data show that C2-ceramide induces apoptosis in HMN1
motor neuron cells and decreases both basal and insulin- or
serum-stimulated Akt kinase activity 65-70%. These results are
consistent with decreased Akt kinase activity being involved in the
apoptotic effects of ceramide. This possibility is further supported by
studies showing that constitutively active Akt kinase decreases
C2-ceramide-induced death of HMN1 cells as well as COS-7
cells. Decreased Akt activity is not due to ceramide activating the
ceramide-activated protein phosphatase or to a direct inhibition of Akt
kinase by ceramide, suggesting that ceramide acts upstream of Akt
kinase to decrease its activity. Treating cells with
C2-ceramide does not affect phosphorylation of insulin
receptor substrate-1, interactions between insulin receptor substrate-1
and p85, or insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity,
suggesting that the effects of C2-ceramide on Akt kinase
are not mediated through modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In
sum, our results suggest that inhibition of the key antiapoptotic
kinase, Akt, may play an important role in ceramide-induced
apoptosis.
Inhibition of Akt Kinase by Cell-permeable Ceramide and Its
Implications for Ceramide-induced Apoptosis
,
Department of Pharmacology,
§ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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