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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 29, 18292-18299, July 17, 1998
From Hamilton Civic Hospitals Research Centre and McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 1C3 Canada
Vampire bat plasminogen activator (b-PA) causes
less fibrinogen (Fg) consumption than tissue-type plasminogen activator
(t-PA). Herein, we demonstrate that this occurs because the complex of D-dimer noncovalently linked to fragment E ((DD)E),
the most abundant degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, as well
as Fg, stimulate plasminogen (Pg) activation by t-PA more than b-PA. To
explain these findings, we characterized the interactions of t-PA,
b-PA, Lys-Pg, and Glu-Pg with Fg and (DD)E using right angle light
scattering spectroscopy. In addition, interactions with fibrin were
determined by clotting Fg in the presence of various amounts of t-PA,
b-PA, Lys-Pg, or Glu-Pg and quantifying unbound material in the
supernatant after centrifugation. Glu-Pg and Lys-Pg bind fibrin with
Kd values of 13 and 0.13 µM,
respectively. t-PA binds fibrin through two classes of sites with
Kd values of 0.05 and 2.6 µM, respectively. The second kringle (K2) of t-PA mediates the
low affinity binding that is eliminated with
Characterization of the Interactions of Plasminogen and Tissue
and Vampire Bat Plasminogen Activators with Fibrinogen, Fibrin, and the
Complex of D-Dimer Noncovalently Linked to Fragment E
-amino-n-caproic acid. In contrast, b-PA binds fibrin
through a single kringle-independent site with a Kd
of 0.15 µM. t-PA competes with b-PA for fibrin binding,
indicating that both activators share the same finger-dependent site on fibrin. Glu-Pg binds (DD)E with a
Kd of 5.4 µM. Lys-Pg binds to (DD)E
and Fg with Kd values of 0.03 and 0.23 µM, respectively. t-PA binds to (DD)E and Fg with
Kd values of 0.02 and 0.76 µM,
respectively; interactions were eliminated with
-amino-n-caproic acid, consistent with
K2-dependent binding. Because it lacks a
K2-domain, b-PA does not bind to either (DD)E or Fg,
thereby explaining why b-PA is more fibrin-specific than t-PA.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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