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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 32, 20615-20621, August 7, 1998

Transcription of the Sodium/myo-Inositol Cotransporter Gene Is Regulated by Multiple Tonicity-responsive Enhancers Spread over 50 Kilobase Pairs in the 5'-Flanking Region

Jong S. RimDagger , Mohamed G. AttaDagger , Stephen C. DahlDagger , Gerard T. Berry§, Joseph S. HandlerDagger , and H. Moo KwonDagger

From the Dagger  Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 and the § Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104

The sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter is a plasma membrane protein responsible for concentrative cellular accumulation of myo-inositol in a variety of tissues. When cells in kidney and brain are exposed to a hyperosmolar salt condition (hypertonicity) due to the operation of urinary concentration mechanism and pathological conditions, respectively, they survive the stress of hypertonicity by raising the cellular concentration of myo-inositol. Transcription of the sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter gene is markedly stimulated in response to hypertonicity, leading to an increase in the activity of the cotransporter, which in turn drives the osmoprotective accumulation of myo-inositol. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which hypertonicity stimulates transcription, we analyzed the 5'-flanking region of the cotransporter gene for cis-acting regulatory sequences. We identified five tonicity-responsive enhancers that are scattered over 50 kilobase pairs. All the enhancers are variations of the same type of enhancer interacting with the transcription factor named tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein. In vivo methylation experiments demonstrated that exposure of cells to hypertonicity increases the binding of tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein to the enhancer sites, indicating that all of these enhancers are involved in the transcriptional stimulation. We conclude that the sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter gene is regulated by a large region (~50 kilobase pairs) upstream of the gene.


Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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