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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 33, 20894-20902, August 14, 1998
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From the The thermodynamics and kinetics of actin
interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana
actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)1, human ADF, and S6D
mutant ADF1 protein mimicking phosphorylated
(inactive) ADF are examined comparatively. ADFs interact with
ADP·G-actin in rapid equilibrium (k+ = 155 µM
Dynamique du Cytosquelette, Laboratoire
d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, the § Laboratory of Plant Cell
Biology, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, National University of
Singapore, Singapore 118240, and the ¶ Laboratory of Plant
Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York,
New York 10021
1·s
1 and
k
= 16 s
1 at 4 °C under
physiological ionic conditions). The kinetics of interaction of plant
and human ADFs with F-actin are slower and exhibit kinetic
cooperativity, consistent with a scheme in which the initial binding of
ADF to two adjacent subunits of the filament nucleates a structural
change that propagates along the filament, allowing faster binding of
ADF in a "zipper" mode. ADF binds in a non-cooperative faster
process to gelsolin-capped filaments or to subtilisin-cleaved F-actin,
which are structurally different from standard filaments (Orlova, A.,
Prochniewicz, E., and Egelman, E. H. (1995) J. Mol.
Biol. 245, 598-607). In contrast, the binding of phalloidin to
F-actin cooperatively inhibits its interaction with ADF. The
ADF-facilitated nucleation of ADP·actin self-assembly indicates that
ADF stabilizes lateral interactions in the filament. Plant and human
ADFs cause only partial depolymerization of F-actin at pH 8, consistent
with identical functions in enhancing F-actin dynamics. Phosphorylation
does not affect ADF activity per se, but decreases its
affinity for actin by 20-fold.
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