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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 34, 21578-21584, August 21, 1998

Identification of Residues in the Cysteine-rich Domain of Raf-1 That Control Ras Binding and Raf-1 Activity

David G. WinklerDagger , Richard E. Cutler Jr., Jonelle K. DruganDagger Dagger , Sharon CampbellDagger Dagger , Deborah K. Morrison, and Jonathan A. CooperDagger

From the Dagger  Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, the  Molecular Basis of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and the Dagger Dagger  Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599

We have identified mutations in Raf-1 that increase binding to Ras. The mutations were identified making use of three mutant forms of Ras that have reduced Raf-1 binding (Winkler, D. G., Johnson, J. C., Cooper, J. A., and Vojtek, A. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24402-24409). One mutation in Raf-1, N64L, suppresses the Ras mutant R41Q but not other Ras mutants, suggesting that this mutation structurally complements the Ras R41Q mutation. Missense substitutions of residues 143 and 144 in the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain were isolated multiple times. These Raf-1 mutants, R143Q, R143W, and K144E, were general suppressors of three different Ras mutants and had increased interaction with non-mutant Ras. Each was slightly activated relative to wild-type Raf-1 in a transformation assay. In addition, two mutants, R143W and K144E, were active when tested for induction of germinal vesicle breakdown in Xenopus oocytes. Interestingly, all three cysteine-rich domain mutations reduced the ability of the Raf-1 N-terminal regulatory region to inhibit Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown induced by the C-terminal catalytic region of Raf-1. We propose that a direct or indirect regulatory interaction between the N- and C-terminal regions of Raf-1 is reduced by the R143W, R143Q, and K144E mutations, thereby increasing access to the Ras-binding regions of Raf-1 and increasing Raf-1 activity.


Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.



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