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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 36, 22962-22968, September 4, 1998
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§,
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, and
From the Numerous cytokines, growth, and differentiation
factors elicit their intracellular responses via Janus tyrosine kinases
(Jaks) and transcription factors of the STAT (signal transducer and
activator of transcription) family. Additionally, environmental stress
(UV light, heat, aniso-osmolarity, and radicals) has recently been shown to activate intracellular signaling cascades such as the stress-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-
Institute of Biochemistry,
Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany, ¶ Medizinische Klinik der
Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany,
§ Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische
Forschung (BIOMAT), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule
Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany, and the
Imperial Cancer Research
Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Field, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
B. In this study, we demonstrate that in different cell lines a particular stress,
namely hyperosmolarity, results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the
Janus kinases Jak1, Jak2, and Tyk2 and in the activation of STAT1
and/or STAT3. Both transcription factors are phosphorylated at a
specific tyrosine residue and translocation to the nucleus was
demonstrated by the use of a STAT3/green fluorescent protein fusion
protein. A prominent role for Jak1 in the activation of STATs by
hypertonicity was demonstrated by the use of Jak-deficient cell lines.
Stress-activated STAT1 and STAT3 transactivate a reporter gene
containing the acute-phase response element of the rat
2-macroglobulin promoter. Experiments using a
diffusible solute suggest that not the increase in intracellular
osmolarity but the resultant cell shrinkage is the trigger for Jak/STAT
activation.
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