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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 41, 26915-26922, October 9, 1998
Overexpressed Activated Retinoid X Receptors Can Mediate Growth
Inhibitory Effects of Retinoids in Human Carcinoma Cells
Haisu
Wan ,
Marcia I.
Dawson§,
Waun K.
Hong¶, and
Reuben
Lotan
From the Departments of Tumor Biology and
¶ Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and the
§ Retinoid Program, SRI International,
Menlo Park, California 94025
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X
receptors (RXRs) mediate the effects of retinoids on gene expression by
binding to response elements in retinoid-sensitive genes. RAR- but not RXR-selective retinoids were found in many previous studies to suppress
the growth of various cells, implicating RXR-RAR in these effects.
Using a co-expression vector for identifying cells that expressed
retinoid receptors transiently and 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation for labeling DNA-synthesizing cells, we found that RXR-selective retinoids inhibited DNA synthesis in squamous carcinoma 1483 cells transfected with RXR but not with RARs. Ligand-induced transcription of the reporter luciferase gene via the activation of
RXR-RXR but not RXR-RAR correlated with growth suppression. Studies
with RXR deletion mutants indicated that the DNA binding and the
ligand binding domains are essential for mediating growth inhibition. A
point mutation in the ligand binding domain (L430F) that decreased
RXR homodimerization compromised its growth inhibitory function.
Further, RXR mutant (F313A), which functions as a constitutively active receptor, inhibited DNA synthesis in the absence of ligand. These results demonstrate that RXR homodimer activation leads to growth
inhibition and suggest that transfection of RXR and treatment with
RXR-selective retinoids or the transfection of constitutively activated
RXR mutant alone may have a therapeutic potential.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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