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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 43, 27816-27823, October 23, 1998
From the Many growth factors and G protein-coupled
receptors activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. The
MAP kinase pathways are involved in the regulation of the ubiquitous
process of apoptosis or programmed cell death. Two related MAP kinase kinase kinases, apoptosis-signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and MAP
kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), stimulate c-Jun kinase (JNK) activity
and induce apoptosis. Transient transfection of dominant negative and
constitutively active components of the JNK pathway in COS-7 cells
showed that two G protein subunits, G
Regulation of Apoptosis by
-Subunits of G12 and G13 Proteins
via Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase-1
,
Department of Pharmacology, University of
Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, § Sugen, Inc., Redwood
City, California 94063, and the ¶ Department of Oral Pathology,
Cancer Institute, Tokyo 113, Japan
12 and G
13, stimulated the
JNK pathway in a ASK1- and MEKK1-dependent manner. Moreover, the mutationally activated G
12 and G
13 stimulated the
kinase activity of ASK1. Both G
12 and G
13 employ small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, to transduce signal to MEKK1 and, subsequently, to JNK.
However, activation of JNK by Cdc42 and Rac1 did not require ASK1.
Additionally, ASK1 and MEKK1 are involved in the apoptosis induced by
G
12 and G
13. We conclude that G
12 and G
13 can induce apoptosis using two separate MAP kinase pathways; one is initiated by
ASK1, and the other is initiated by MEKK1. Furthermore, Bcl-2 can block
apoptosis induced by G
12 and G
13. This death-sparing function was
associated with increased Bcl-2 phosphorylation, suggesting that
phosphorylation of Bcl-2 may be a critical mechanism protecting cells
from G
12- and G
13-induced apoptosis.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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