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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 44, 28545-28548, October 30, 1998
From the Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Human Genome
Research Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1851
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) comprise
a family of transcription factors that are critical for normal cellular differentiation and function in a variety of tissues. The prototypic C/EBP is a modular protein, consisting of an activation domain, a
dimerization bZIP region, and a DNA-binding domain. All family members
share the highly conserved dimerization domain, required for DNA
binding, by which they form homo- and heterodimers with other family
members. C/EBPs are least conserved in their activation domains and
vary from strong activators to dominant negative repressors. The
pleiotropic effects of C/EBPs are in part because of tissue- and
stage-specific expression. Dimerization of different C/EBP proteins
precisely modulates transcriptional activity of target genes. Recent
work with mice deficient in specific C/EBPs underscores the effects of
these factors in tissue development, function, and response to
injury.
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