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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 45, 29847-29856, November 6, 1998

Characterization of Antibacterial COOH-terminal Proenkephalin-A-derived Peptides (PEAP) in Infectious Fluids
IMPORTANCE OF ENKELYTIN, THE ANTIBACTERIAL PEAP_209-237 SECRETED BY STIMULATED CHROMAFFIN CELLS

Yannick Goumon, Karine Lugardon, Bruno Kieffer^§, Jean-François Lefèvre^§, Alain Van Dorsselaer^¶, Dominique Aunis, and Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue

From  INSERM, Unité 338 de Biologie de la Communication Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France, ^§ CNRS, UPR 9003, Cancérogénèse et Mutagénèse Moléculaire et Structurale, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France, and ^¶ CNRS, URA 31, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bioorganique, Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles, Strasbourg, France

Proenkephalin-A (PEA) and its derived peptides (PEAP) have been described in neural, neuroendocrine tissues and immune cells. The processing of PEA has been extensively studied in the adrenal medulla chromaffin cell showing that maturation starts with the removal of the carboxyl-terminal PEAP_209-239. In 1995, our laboratory has shown that antibacterial activity is present within the intragranular chromaffin granule matrix and in the extracellular medium following exocytosis. More recently, we have identified an intragranular peptide, named enkelytin, corresponding to the bisphosphorylated PEAP_209-237, that inhibits the growth of Micrococcus luteus (Goumon, Y., Strub, J. M., Moniatte, M., Nullans, G., Poteur, L., Hubert, P., Van Dorsselaer, A., Aunis, D., and Metz-Boutigue, M. H. (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. 235, 516-525). As a continuation of this previous study, in order to characterize the biological function of antibacterial PEAP, we have here examined whether this COOH-terminal fragment is released from stimulated chromaffin cells and whether it could be detected in wound fluids and in polymorphonuclear secretions following cell stimulation. The antibacterial spectrum shows that enkelytin is active against several Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, but it is unable to inhibit the Gram-negative bacteria growth. In order to relate the antibacterial activity of enkelytin with structural features, various synthetic enkelytin-derived peptides were tested. We also propose a computer model of synthetic PEAP_209-237 deduced from ¹H NMR analysis, in order to relate the antibacterial activity of enkelytin with the three-dimensional structure. Finally, we report the high phylogenetic conservation of the COOH-terminal PEAP, which implies some important biological function and we discuss the putative importance of enkelytin in the defensive processes.

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