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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 46, 30651-30659, November 13, 1998
From the The differentiation of chloroplasts into
chromoplasts involves a series of biochemical changes that culminate
with the intense accumulation of long chain chromophore carotenoids
such as lycopene, rhodoxanthin, astaxanthin, anhydroeschsoltzxanthin,
capsanthin, and capsorubin. The signal pathways mediating these
transformations are unknown. Chromoplast carotenoids are known to
accumulate in green tissues experiencing stress conditions, and studies
indicate that they provide efficient protection against oxidative
stress. We tested the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as
regulators of chromoplast carotenoid biosynthesis in vivo.
The addition of ROS progenitors, such as menadione,
tert-butylhydroperoxide, or paraquat and prooxidants such
as diamide or buthionine sulfoximine to green pericarp discs of pepper
fruits rapidly and dramatically induce the simultaneous expression of
multiple carotenogenic gene mRNAS that give rise to capsanthin.
Similarly, down-regulation of catalase by amitrole induces expression
of carotenogenic gene mRNAs leading to the synthesis of capsanthin
in excised green pericarp discs. ROS signals from plastids and
mitochondria also contribute significantly to this process. Analysis of
the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase promoter in combination with a
Induction and Control of Chromoplast-specific Carotenoid
Genes by Oxidative Stress
,
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des
Plantes, CNRS and Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg,
France and the § Department of Botany, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601
-glucuronidase reporter gene reveals strong activation in
transformed pepper protoplasts challenged with the above ROS.
Collectively these data demonstrate that ROS act as a novel class of
second messengers that mediate intense carotenoid synthesis during
chromoplast differentiation.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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