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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 48, 32340-32346, November 27, 1998
Kinase from Mouse Nonerythroid Cells
From the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa,"
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
The heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor
2
(eIF2
) kinase (heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI)) is activated by
heme deficiency in reticulocytes and plays an important role in
translational control in these cells. Previously, HRI was cloned from
rabbit reticulocytes and rat brain, but a heme-regulated eIF2
kinase activity has only been purified from erythroid cells. In this study, we
report the purification of a heme-sensitive eIF2
kinase activity
from both mouse liver and NIH 3T3 cell extracts. Furthermore, we have
cloned and characterized this mouse liver eIF2
kinase (mHRI), which
exhibits 83 and 94% identities to rabbit and rat HRIs, respectively.
Both the purified enzyme and recombinant mHRI exhibited an autokinase
and an eIF2
kinase activity, and both activities were inhibited
in vitro by hemin. In addition, wild-type mHRI, but not the
inactive mHRI-K196R mutant, was autophosphorylated in vivo
when it was expressed in 293 cells. Quantitation of mHRI mRNA
expression in various mouse tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed relatively high levels in liver, kidney, and
testis. These results provide strong evidence that mHRI is a ubiquitous
eIF2
kinase of mammalian cells, suggesting that it could play
important roles in the translational regulation of nonerythroid tissues.
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