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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 6, 3551-3561, February 6, 1998
From the The alveolar macrophage-derived peptide tumor
necrosis factor-
A Promoter Recruitment Mechanism for Tumor Necrosis
Factor-
-induced Interleukin-8 Transcription in Type II Pulmonary
Epithelial Cells
DEPENDENCE ON NUCLEAR ABUNDANCE OF Rel A, NF-
B1, AND c-Rel
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
,
,
,
, and
Department of Medicine and Sealy Center for
Molecular Science and the ¶ Department of Pediatrics,
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1060
(TNF
) initiates pulmonary inflammation through
its ability to stimulate interleukin-8 (IL-8) synthesis in alveolar
epithelial cells through an incompletely described transcriptional
mechanism. In this study, we use the technique of ligation-mediated
polymerase chain reaction (LMPCR) to record changes in transcription
factor occupancy of the IL-8 promoter after TNF
stimulation of A549 human alveolar cells. Using dimethylsulfate/LMPCR, no detectable proteins bind the TATA box in unstimulated cells. By contrast, TNF
rapidly induces protection of G residues at
79 and
80 coincident with endogenous IL-8 gene transcription. Using DNase I/LMPCR, we
observe inducible protection of nucleotides
60 to
99 (the TNF
response element) and nucleotides
3 to
32 (containing the TATA
box). Surprisingly, extensive TATA box protection is only seen after
TNF
stimulation. Using a two-step microaffinity isolation/Western immunoblot DNA binding assay, we observe that the NF-
B subunits Rel
A, NF-
B1, and c-Rel inducibly bind the TNF response element; these
proteins undergo rapid TNF
-inducible increases in nuclear abundance as a consequence of I
B
proteolysis. Furthermore, the peptide aldehyde N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal, an agent
that blocks both I
B
proteolysis and NF-
B subunit
translocation, abrogates recombinant human TNF
-inducible IL-8 gene
transcription. These studies demonstrate that IL-8 is activated by a
promoter recruitment mechanism in alveolar epithelial cells, where
NF-
B subunit translocation is required for (and coincident with)
binding of the constitutively active TATA box-binding proteins.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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