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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 6, 3611-3617, February 6, 1998

Modulation of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Levels on Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Proteins in Vivo Using the Peptide O-GlcNAc-beta -N-acetylglucosaminidase Inhibitor O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-Dglucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate

Robert S. Haltiwanger, Kathleen Grove, and Glenn A. Philipsberg

From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215

O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a ubiquitous and abundant post-translational modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and is thought to be a dynamically regulated modification much like phosphorylation. In this study we have demonstrated that O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), a potent in vitro inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins (peptide O-GlcNAc-beta -N-acetylglucosaminidase), can be used to increase O-GlcNAc levels on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in vivo. Overall, PUGNAc caused approximately a 2-fold increase in O-GlcNAc levels in the human colon cancer cells, HT29, although the effects on individual proteins varied. The increase appeared to be the result of the direct inhibition of the peptide O-GlcNAc-beta -N-acetylglucosaminidase since neither the O-GlcNAc transferase nor UDP-GlcNAc levels were affected by the treatment. O-GlcNAc levels in other cell lines tested (NIH 3T3, CV-1, and HeLa) were also affected by PUGNAc, although the effects on HeLa cells were minimal. At the concentrations tested, PUGNAc was non-toxic and had no affect on the growth rate of any of the cell lines examined. Interestingly, we demonstrated that an increase in O-GlcNAc levels on the transcription factor Sp1 resulted in a reciprocal decrease in its level of phosphorylation, supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc competes with phosphate on some proteins. These studies demonstrate that PUGNAc is an effective inhibitor of O-GlcNAc turnover within cells and can be used to selectively alter the extent of O-GlcNAc on cellular proteins.


Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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