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J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 6, 3611-3617, February 6, 1998
From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute for
Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215
O-Linked
N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a ubiquitous
and abundant post-translational modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and is thought to be a dynamically regulated modification much like phosphorylation. In this study we have demonstrated that
O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), a potent in vitro inhibitor of the enzyme
responsible for the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins
(peptide O-GlcNAc-
Modulation of O-Linked
N-Acetylglucosamine Levels on Nuclear and Cytoplasmic
Proteins in Vivo Using the Peptide
O-GlcNAc-
-N-acetylglucosaminidase Inhibitor
O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-Dglucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate
-N-acetylglucosaminidase), can be used to increase O-GlcNAc levels on nuclear and
cytoplasmic proteins in vivo. Overall, PUGNAc caused
approximately a 2-fold increase in O-GlcNAc levels in the
human colon cancer cells, HT29, although the effects on individual
proteins varied. The increase appeared to be the result of the direct
inhibition of the peptide O-GlcNAc-
-N-acetylglucosaminidase since
neither the O-GlcNAc transferase nor UDP-GlcNAc levels were
affected by the treatment. O-GlcNAc levels in other cell
lines tested (NIH 3T3, CV-1, and HeLa) were also affected by PUGNAc,
although the effects on HeLa cells were minimal. At the concentrations
tested, PUGNAc was non-toxic and had no affect on the growth rate of
any of the cell lines examined. Interestingly, we demonstrated that an
increase in O-GlcNAc levels on the transcription factor Sp1
resulted in a reciprocal decrease in its level of phosphorylation,
supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc competes with
phosphate on some proteins. These studies demonstrate that PUGNAc is an
effective inhibitor of O-GlcNAc turnover within cells and
can be used to selectively alter the extent of O-GlcNAc on
cellular proteins.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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