JBC PeproTech; Our Business is Cytokines!

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Noda, T.
Right arrow Articles by Ohsumi, Y.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Noda, T.
Right arrow Articles by Ohsumi, Y.

J Biol Chem, Vol. 273, Issue 7, 3963-3966, February 13, 1998

Tor, a Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Homologue, Controls Autophagy in Yeast

Takeshi Noda and Yoshinori Ohsumi

From the National Institute for Basic Biology, Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444, Japan

Autophagy is a bulk protein degradation process that is induced by starvation. The control mechanism for induction of autophagy is not well understood. We found that Tor, a phosphatidylinositol kinase homologue, is involved in the control of autophagy in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When rapamycin, an inhibitor of Tor function, is added, autophagy is induced even in cells growing in nutrient-rich medium. A temperature-sensitive tor mutant also leads to induction of autophagy at a nonpermissive temperature. These results indicate that Tor negatively regulates the induction of autophagy. Tor is the first molecule that is identified as a pivotal player in the starvation-signaling pathway of autophagy. Furthermore, we found that a high concentration of cAMP is inhibitory for induction of autophagy. APG gene products are involved in autophagy induced by starvation. Autophagy was not induced in apg mutants in the presence of rapamycin, indicating that the site of action of Tor is upstream of those of Apg proteins. In nutrient-rich medium, Apg proteins are involved also in the transport of aminopeptidase I from the cytosol to the vacuole. Tor may act to switch Apg function between autophagy and transport of aminopeptidase I.

Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
S. J. Crozier, M. D. Sans, C. H. Lang, L. G. D'Alecy, S. A. Ernst, and J. A. Williams
CCK-induced pancreatic growth is not limited by mitogenic capacity in mice
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): G1148 - G1157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
T. Kawamata, Y. Kamada, Y. Kabeya, T. Sekito, and Y. Ohsumi
Organization of the Pre-autophagosomal Structure Responsible for Autophagosome Formation
Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2008; 19(5): 2039 - 2050.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Wang, R. Singh, A. C. Massey, S. S. Kane, S. Kaushik, T. Grant, Y. Xiang, A. M. Cuervo, and M. J. Czaja
Loss of Macroautophagy Promotes or Prevents Fibroblast Apoptosis Depending on the Death Stimulus
J. Biol. Chem., February 22, 2008; 283(8): 4766 - 4777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
M. P. Taylor and K. Kirkegaard
Modification of Cellular Autophagy Protein LC3 by Poliovirus
J. Virol., November 15, 2007; 81(22): 12543 - 12553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
N. Mizushima
Autophagy: process and function
Genes & Dev., November 15, 2007; 21(22): 2861 - 2873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
T. Yorimitsu, S. Zaman, J. R. Broach, and D. J. Klionsky
Protein Kinase A and Sch9 Cooperatively Regulate Induction of Autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2007; 18(10): 4180 - 4189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
S. A. Zurita-Martinez, R. Puria, X. Pan, J. D. Boeke, and M. E. Cardenas
Efficient Tor Signaling Requires a Functional Class C Vps Protein Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, August 1, 2007; 176(4): 2139 - 2150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
R. Weisman, I. Roitburg, M. Schonbrun, R. Harari, and M. Kupiec
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation Responses in Fission Yeast
Genetics, March 1, 2007; 175(3): 1153 - 1162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GENES CELLSHome page
T. A. Kohda, K. Tanaka, M. Konomi, M. Sato, M. Osumi, and M. Yamamoto
Fission yeast autophagy induced by nitrogen starvation generates a nitrogen source that drives adaptation processes.
Genes Cells, February 1, 2007; 12(2): 155 - 170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
M. Ogata, S.-i. Hino, A. Saito, K. Morikawa, S. Kondo, S. Kanemoto, T. Murakami, M. Taniguchi, I. Tanii, K. Yoshinaga, et al.
Autophagy Is Activated for Cell Survival after Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Mol. Cell. Biol., December 15, 2006; 26(24): 9220 - 9231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Biol.Home page
F. Demarchi, C. Bertoli, T. Copetti, I. Tanida, C. Brancolini, E.-L. Eskelinen, and C. Schneider
Calpain is required for macroautophagy in mammalian cells
J. Cell Biol., November 20, 2006; 175(4): 595 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. S. Swanson
Autophagy: Eating for Good Health
J. Immunol., October 15, 2006; 177(8): 4945 - 4951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Amelotti, J. Mathieu, F. Besancon, C. Bauvy, S. Souquere, G. Pierron, and P. Codogno
NF-{kappa}B Activation Represses Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-induced Autophagy
J. Biol. Chem., October 13, 2006; 281(41): 30373 - 30382.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Hamacher-Brady, N. R. Brady, and R. A. Gottlieb
Enhancing Macroautophagy Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiac Myocytes
J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2006; 281(40): 29776 - 29787.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
M. Mavrakis, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, C. A. Stratakis, and I. Bossis
Depletion of type IA regulatory subunit (RI{alpha}) of protein kinase A (PKA) in mammalian cells and tissues activates mTOR and causes autophagic deficiency
Hum. Mol. Genet., October 1, 2006; 15(19): 2962 - 2971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
A. R. J. Young, E. Y. W. Chan, X. W. Hu, R. Kochl, S. G. Crawshaw, S. High, D. W. Hailey, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, and S. A. Tooze
Starvation and ULK1-dependent cycling of mammalian Atg9 between the TGN and endosomes
J. Cell Sci., September 15, 2006; 119(18): 3888 - 3900.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Cao, J. A. Espinola, E. Fossale, A. C. Massey, A. M. Cuervo, M. E. MacDonald, and S. L. Cotman
Autophagy Is Disrupted in a Knock-in Mouse Model of Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
J. Biol. Chem., July 21, 2006; 281(29): 20483 - 20493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Biol.Home page
K. M. Hennig, J. Colombani, and T. P. Neufeld
TOR coordinates bulk and targeted endocytosis in the Drosophila melanogaster fat body to regulate cell growth
J. Cell Biol., June 19, 2006; 173(6): 963 - 974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
H. Ito, H. Aoki, F. Kuhnel, Y. Kondo, S. Kubicka, T. Wirth, E. Iwado, A. Iwamaru, K. Fujiwara, K. R. Hess, et al.
Autophagic cell death of malignant glioma cells induced by a conditionally replicating adenovirus.
J Natl Cancer Inst, May 3, 2006; 98(9): 625 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
B. Ravikumar, Z. Berger, C. Vacher, C. J. O'Kane, and D. C. Rubinsztein
Rapamycin pre-treatment protects against apoptosis
Hum. Mol. Genet., April 1, 2006; 15(7): 1209 - 1216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
K. Obara, T. Sekito, and Y. Ohsumi
Assortment of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complexes--Atg14p Directs Association of Complex I to the Pre-autophagosomal Structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2006; 17(4): 1527 - 1539.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. Lavieu, F. Scarlatti, G. Sala, S. Carpentier, T. Levade, R. Ghidoni, J. Botti, and P. Codogno
Regulation of Autophagy by Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Its Role in Cell Survival during Nutrient Starvation
J. Biol. Chem., March 31, 2006; 281(13): 8518 - 8527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. Pattingre and B. Levine
Bcl-2 inhibition of autophagy: a new route to cancer?
Cancer Res., March 15, 2006; 66(6): 2885 - 2888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
Z. Berger, B. Ravikumar, F. M. Menzies, L. G. Oroz, B. R. Underwood, M. N. Pangalos, I. Schmitt, U. Wullner, B. O. Evert, C. J. O'Kane, et al.
Rapamycin alleviates toxicity of different aggregate-prone proteins
Hum. Mol. Genet., February 1, 2006; 15(3): 433 - 442.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
A. J. Levine, Z. Feng, T. W. Mak, H. You, and S. Jin
Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathways
Genes & Dev., February 1, 2006; 20(3): 267 - 275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. Paglin, N.-Y. Lee, C. Nakar, M. Fitzgerald, J. Plotkin, B. Deuel, N. Hackett, M. McMahill, E. Sphicas, N. Lampen, et al.
Rapamycin-Sensitive Pathway Regulates Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Autophagy, and Survival in Irradiated MCF-7 Cells
Cancer Res., December 1, 2005; 65(23): 11061 - 11070.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Biol.Home page
G. Bjorkoy, T. Lamark, A. Brech, H. Outzen, M. Perander, A. Overvatn, H. Stenmark, and T. Johansen
p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death
J. Cell Biol., November 21, 2005; 171(4): 603 - 614.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Biol.Home page
W. H. Yu, A. M. Cuervo, A. Kumar, C. M. Peterhoff, S. D. Schmidt, J.-H. Lee, P. S. Mohan, M. Mercken, M. R. Farmery, L. O. Tjernberg, et al.
Macroautophagy--a novel {beta}-amyloid peptide-generating pathway activated in Alzheimer's disease
J. Cell Biol., October 10, 2005; 171(1): 87 - 98.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Uttenweiler, H. Schwarz, and A. Mayer
Microautophagic Vacuole Invagination Requires Calmodulin in a Ca2+-independent Function
J. Biol. Chem., September 30, 2005; 280(39): 33289 - 33297.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
Z. Feng, H. Zhang, A. J. Levine, and S. Jin
The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells
PNAS, June 7, 2005; 102(23): 8204 - 8209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
K. D. Cygnar, X. Gao, D. Pan, and T. P. Neufeld
The Phosphatase Subunit Tap42 Functions Independently of Target of Rapamycin to Regulate Cell Division and Survival in Drosophila
Genetics, June 1, 2005; 170(2): 733 - 740.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
Y. Kabeya, Y. Kamada, M. Baba, H. Takikawa, M. Sasaki, and Y. Ohsumi
Atg17 Functions in Cooperation with Atg1 and Atg13 in Yeast Autophagy
Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2005; 16(5): 2544 - 2553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
H. Takeuchi, Y. Kondo, K. Fujiwara, T. Kanzawa, H. Aoki, G. B. Mills, and S. Kondo
Synergistic Augmentation of Rapamycin-Induced Autophagy in Malignant Glioma Cells by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Inhibitors
Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 65(8): 3336 - 3346.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
K. Inoki, H. Ouyang, Y. Li, and K.-L. Guan
Signaling by Target of Rapamycin Proteins in Cell Growth Control
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2005; 69(1): 79 - 100.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
D. J. Klionsky
The molecular machinery of autophagy: unanswered questions
J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2005; 118(1): 7 - 18.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
J. E. Thompson and C. B. Thompson
Putting the Rap on Akt
J. Clin. Oncol., October 15, 2004; 22(20): 4217 - 4226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. Daido, T. Kanzawa, A. Yamamoto, H. Takeuchi, Y. Kondo, and S. Kondo
Pivotal Role of the Cell Death Factor BNIP3 in Ceramide-Induced Autophagic Cell Death in Malignant Glioma Cells
Cancer Res., June 15, 2004; 64(12): 4286 - 4293.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
J. V. Gray, G. A. Petsko, G. C. Johnston, D. Ringe, R. A. Singer, and M. Werner-Washburne
"Sleeping Beauty": Quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2004; 68(2): 187 - 206.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
M. G. Gutierrez, D. B. Munafo, W. Beron, and M. I. Colombo
Rab7 is required for the normal progression of the autophagic pathway in mammalian cells
J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2004; 117(13): 2687 - 2697.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. V. Budovskaya, J. S. Stephan, F. Reggiori, D. J. Klionsky, and P. K. Herman
The Ras/cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Regulates an Early Step of the Autophagy Process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20663 - 20671.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
F. Scarlatti, C. Bauvy, A. Ventruti, G. Sala, F. Cluzeaud, A. Vandewalle, R. Ghidoni, and P. Codogno
Ceramide-mediated Macroautophagy Involves Inhibition of Protein Kinase B and Up-regulation of Beclin 1
J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 2004; 279(18): 18384 - 18391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. H. Cox, J. J. Tate, and T. G. Cooper
Actin Cytoskeleton Is Required For Nuclear Accumulation of Gln3 in Response to Nitrogen Limitation but Not Rapamycin Treatment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 2004; 279(18): 19294 - 19301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. P. Otto, M. Y. Wu, N. Kazgan, O. R. Anderson, and R. H. Kessin
Dictyostelium Macroautophagy Mutants Vary in the Severity of Their Developmental Defects
J. Biol. Chem., April 9, 2004; 279(15): 15621 - 15629.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. B. Kunz, H. Schwarz, and A. Mayer
Determination of Four Sequential Stages during Microautophagy in Vitro
J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 2004; 279(11): 9987 - 9996.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Kanazawa, I. Taneike, R. Akaishi, F. Yoshizawa, N. Furuya, S. Fujimura, and M. Kadowaki
Amino Acids and Insulin Control Autophagic Proteolysis through Different Signaling Pathways in Relation to mTOR in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
J. Biol. Chem., February 27, 2004; 279(9): 8452 - 8459.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
T. Schmelzle, T. Beck, D. E. Martin, and M. N. Hall
Activation of the RAS/Cyclic AMP Pathway Suppresses a TOR Deficiency in Yeast
Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2004; 24(1): 338 - 351.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
K. Saeki, Z. Hong, M. Nakatsu, T. Yoshimori, Y. Kabeya, A. Yamamoto, Y. Kaburagi, and A. Yuo
Insulin-dependent signaling regulates azurophil granule-selective macroautophagy in human myeloblastic cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2003; 74(6): 1108 - 1116.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Uemura, A. Kihara, J.-i. Inokuchi, and Y. Igarashi
Csg1p and Newly Identified Csh1p Function in Mannosylinositol Phosphorylceramide Synthesis by Interacting with Csg2p
J. Biol. Chem., November 14, 2003; 278(46): 45049 - 45055.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. R. Brown, J. Liu, G.-C. Hung, D. Carter, D. Cui, and H.-L. Chiang
The Vid Vesicle to Vacuole Trafficking Event Requires Components of the SNARE Membrane Fusion Machinery
J. Biol. Chem., July 3, 2003; 278(28): 25688 - 25699.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
A. J. Meijer
Amino Acids as Regulators and Components of Nonproteinogenic Pathways
J. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 133(6): 2057S - 2062.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. P. Otto, M. Y. Wu, N. Kazgan, O. R. Anderson, and R. H. Kessin
Macroautophagy Is Required for Multicellular Development of the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 2003; 278(20): 17636 - 17645.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
H. Wang and Y. Jiang
The Tap42-Protein Phosphatase Type 2A Catalytic Subunit Complex Is Required for Cell Cycle-Dependent Distribution of Actin in Yeast
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2003; 23(9): 3116 - 3125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eukaryot CellHome page
K. Dementhon, M. Paoletti, B. Pinan-Lucarre, N. Loubradou-Bourges, M. Sabourin, S. J. Saupe, and C. Clave
Rapamycin Mimics the Incompatibility Reaction in the Fungus Podospora anserina
Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2003; 2(2): 238 - 246.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. Bonenfant, T. Schmelzle, E. Jacinto, J. L. Crespo, T. Mini, M. N. Hall, and P. Jenoe
Quantitation of changes in protein phosphorylation: A simple method based on stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry
PNAS, February 4, 2003; 100(3): 880 - 885.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
H. Abeliovich, C. Zhang, W. A. Dunn Jr., K. M. Shokat, and D. J. Klionsky
Chemical Genetic Analysis of Apg1 Reveals A Non-kinase Role in the Induction of Autophagy
Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2003; 14(2): 477 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
P. Roberts, S. Moshitch-Moshkovitz, E. Kvam, E. O'Toole, M. Winey, and D. S. Goldfarb
Piecemeal Microautophagy of Nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2003; 14(1): 129 - 141.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
J. L. Crespo and M. N. Hall
Elucidating TOR Signaling and Rapamycin Action: Lessons from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2002; 66(4): 579 - 591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Torres, C. J. Di Como, E. Herrero, and M. A. de la Torre-Ruiz
Regulation of the Cell Integrity Pathway by Rapamycin-sensitive TOR Function in Budding Yeast
J. Biol. Chem., November 1, 2002; 277(45): 43495 - 43504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Biol.Home page
A. E. Wurmser and S. D. Emr
Novel PtdIns(3)P-binding protein Etf1 functions as an effector of the Vps34 PtdIns 3-kinase in autophagy
J. Cell Biol., August 19, 2002; 158(4): 761 - 772.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
D. Gelperin, L. Horton, A. DeChant, J. Hensold, and S. K. Lemmon
Loss of Ypk1 Function Causes Rapamycin Sensitivity, Inhibition of Translation Initiation and Synthetic Lethality in 14-3-3-Deficient Yeast
Genetics, August 1, 2002; 161(4): 1453 - 1464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Kuma, N. Mizushima, N. Ishihara, and Y. Ohsumi
Formation of the ~350-kDa Apg12-Apg5{middle dot}Apg16 Multimeric Complex, Mediated by Apg16 Oligomerization, Is Essential for Autophagy in Yeast
J. Biol. Chem., May 17, 2002; 277(21): 18619 - 18625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. L. Crespo, T. Powers, B. Fowler, and M. N. Hall
The TOR-controlled transcription activators GLN3, RTG1, and RTG3 are regu