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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 11, 7146-7152, March 12, 1999
From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma
State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
The three-dimensional structure of
the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex
suggests that movement of the extramembrane domain (head) of the Rieske
iron-sulfur protein (ISP) may play an important role in electron
transfer. Such movement requires flexibility in the neck region of ISP,
since the head and transmembrane domains of the protein are rather
rigid. To test this hypothesis, Rhodobacter sphaeroides
mutants expressing His-tagged cytochrome bc1
complexes with cysteine substitution at various positions in the ISP
neck (residues 39-48) were generated and characterized. The mutants with a single cysteine substitution at Ala42 or
Val44 and a double cysteine substitution at
Val44 and Ala46 (VQA-CQC) or at
Ala42 and Ala46 (ADVQA-CDVQC) have
photosynthetic growth rates comparable with that of complement cells.
Chromatophore membrane and intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM)
prepared from these mutants have cytochrome bc1 complex activity similar to that in the complement membranes, indicating that flexibility of the neck region of ISP was not affected
by these cysteine substitutions. Mutants with a double cysteine
substitution at Ala42 and Val44 (ADV-CDC) or at
Pro40 and Ala42 (PSA-CSC) have a retarded
(50%) or no photosynthetic growth rate, respectively. The ADV-CDC or
PSA-CSC mutant ICM contains 20 or 0% of the cytochrome
bc1 complex activity found in the complement ICM. However, activity can be restored by the treatment with
Evidence for the Head Domain Movement of the Rieske
Iron-Sulfur Protein in Electron Transfer Reaction of the Cytochrome
bc1 Complex
-mercaptoethanol (
-ME). The restored activity is diminished upon
removal of
-ME but is retained if the
-ME-treated membrane is
treated with the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide or
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. These results indicate that
the loss of bc1 complex activity in the ADV-CDC
or PSA-CSC mutant membranes is due to disulfide bond formation, which
increases the rigidity of ISP neck and, in turn, decreases the mobility
of the head domain. Using the conditions developed for the isolation of
His-tagged complement cytochrome bc1 complex, a
two-subunit complex (cytochromes b and c1) is obtained from all of the double
cysteine-substituted mutants. This suggests that introduction of two
cysteines in the neck region of ISP weakens the interactions between
cytochromes b, ISP, and subunit IV.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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