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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 11, 7565-7569, March 12, 1999
From the Departments of ¶ Anesthesiology, ** Biochemistry,
§ Cell Biology, §§ Medicine,
The substance P receptor (SPR) is a G
protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a key role in pain
regulation. The SPR desensitizes in the continued presence of agonist,
presumably via mechanisms that implicate G protein-coupled receptor
kinases (GRKs) and
Real-time Visualization of the Cellular Redistribution of G
Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and
-Arrestin 2 during Homologous
Desensitization of the Substance P Receptor
§,
,
§§§, and
Pharmacology,
Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North
Carolina 27710
-arrestins. The temporal relationship of these
proposed biochemical events has never been established for any GPCR
other than rhodopsin beyond the resolution provided by biochemical
assays. We investigate the real-time activation and desensitization of
the human SPR in live HEK293 cells using green fluorescent protein
conjugates of protein kinase C, GRK2, and
-arrestin 2. The
translocation of protein kinase C
II-green fluorescent protein to
and from the plasma membrane in response to substance P indicates that the human SPR becomes activated within seconds of agonist exposure, and
the response desensitizes within 30 s. This desensitization process coincides with a redistribution of GRK2 from the cytosol to the
plasma membrane, followed by a robust redistribution of
-arrestin 2 and a profound change in cell morphology that occurs after 1 min of SPR
stimulation. These data establish a role for GRKs and
-arrestins in
homologous desensitization of the SPR and provide the first visual and
temporal resolution of the sequence of events underlying homologous
desensitization of a GPCR in living cells.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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