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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 12, 8181-8190, March 19, 1999
From the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Building G/E, CP 611, 808 Route de
Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
We cloned the 5' upstream region of the rat
glucagon receptor gene, demonstrating that the 5' noncoding domain of
the glucagon receptor mRNA contained two untranslated exons of 131 and 166 nucleotides (nt), respectively, separated by two introns of 0.6 and 3.2 kilobase pairs. We also observed an alternative splicing involving the 166-base pair exon. Cloning of up to 2 kilobase pairs of
the newly identified genomic domain and transfection of various
constructs driving a reporter gene, in pancreatic islet cell line
INS-1, uncovered a strong glucose regulation of the promoter activity
of plasmids containing up to nucleotide
Identification of a Glucose Response Element in the Promoter
of the Rat Glucagon Receptor Gene
868, or more, upstream from
the transcriptional start point. This promoter activity displayed
threshold-like behavior, with low activity of the promoter below 5 mM glucose, and maximal activation as of 10 mM glucose. This glucose regulation was mapped to a highly palindromic 19-nucleotide region between nt
545 and
527. Indeed, deletion or mutation of this sequence abolished the glucose regulation. This domain contained two palindromic "E-boxes" CACGTG and CAGCTG separated by 3 nt, a feature similar to the "L4 box" found in the
pyruvate kinase L gene promoter. This is the first description of a G
protein-coupled receptor gene promoter regulated by glucose.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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