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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10681-10684, April 16, 1999
Regulates Its Stability
,§,,,
From the Axin forms a complex with glycogen synthase
kinase-3 Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima
University School of Medicine, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima
734-8551, Japan, § PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology
Corporation, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan, and the ¶ Center for
Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyoto
University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
(GSK-3) and -catenin and promotes
GSK-3-dependent phosphorylation of -catenin, thereby
stimulating the degradation of -catenin. Because GSK-3 also
phosphorylates Axin in the complex, the physiological significance of
the phosphorylation of Axin was examined. Treatment of COS cells with
LiCl, a GSK-3 inhibitor, and okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase
inhibitor, decreased and increased, respectively, the cellular protein
level of Axin. Pulse-chase analyses showed that the phosphorylated form
of Axin was more stable than the unphosphorylated form and that an Axin
mutant, in which the possible phosphorylation sites for GSK-3 were
mutated, exhibited a shorter half-life than wild type Axin. Dvl-1,
which was genetically shown to function upstream of GSK-3, inhibited
the phosphorylation of Axin by GSK-3 in vitro.
Furthermore, Wnt-3a-containing conditioned medium down-regulated Axin
and accumulated -catenin in L cells and expression of
Dvl-1
PDZ, in which the PDZ domain was deleted,
suppressed this action of Wnt-3a. These results suggest that the
phosphorylation of Axin is important for the regulation of its
stability and that Wnt down-regulates Axin through Dvl.
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P. Polakis Wnt signaling and cancer Genes & Dev., August 1, 2000; 14(15): 1837 - 1851. [Full Text]
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W. J. Thompson, G. A. Piazza, H. Li, L. Liu, J. Fetter, B. Zhu, G. Sperl, D. Ahnen, and R. Pamukcu Exisulind Induction of Apoptosis Involves Guanosine 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase Inhibition, Protein Kinase G Activation, and Attenuated {beta}-Catenin Cancer Res., July 1, 2000; 60(13): 3338 - 3342. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. T. Strovel, D. Wu, and D. J. Sussman Protein Phosphatase 2Calpha Dephosphorylates Axin and Activates LEF-1-dependent Transcription J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2399 - 2403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J Zhurinsky, M Shtutman, and A Ben-Ze'ev Plakoglobin and beta-catenin: protein interactions, regulation and biological roles J. Cell Sci., January 9, 2000; 113(18): 3127 - 3139. [Abstract] [PDF]
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Y. Zhang, S. Y. Neo, X. Wang, J. Han, and S.-C. Lin Axin Forms a Complex with MEKK1 and Activates c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase/Stress-activated Protein Kinase through Domains Distinct from Wnt Signaling J. Biol. Chem., December 3, 1999; 274(49): 35247 - 35254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yuan, J. Mao, L. Li, and D. Wu Suppression of Glycogen Synthase Kinase Activity Is Not Sufficient for Leukemia Enhancer Factor-1 Activation J. Biol. Chem., October 22, 1999; 274(43): 30419 - 30423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Kodama, S. Ikeda, T. Asahara, M. Kishida, and A. Kikuchi Axin Directly Interacts with Plakoglobin and Regulates Its Stability J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 1999; 274(39): 27682 - 27688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Willert, S. Shibamoto, and R. Nusse Wnt-induced dephosphorylation of Axin releases beta -catenin from the Axin complex Genes & Dev., July 15, 1999; 13(14): 1768 - 1773. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Y. Zhang, S. Y. Neo, J. Han, and S.-C. Lin Dimerization Choices Control the Ability of Axin and Dishevelled to Activate c-Jun N-terminal Kinase/Stress-activated Protein Kinase J. Biol. Chem., August 4, 2000; 275(32): 25008 - 25014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Hinoi, H. Yamamoto, M. Kishida, S. Takada, S. Kishida, and A. Kikuchi Complex Formation of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene Product and Axin Facilitates Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta -dependent Phosphorylation of beta -Catenin and Down-regulates beta -Catenin J. Biol. Chem., October 27, 2000; 275(44): 34399 - 34406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Sakamoto, S. Kishida, A. Fukui, M. Kishida, H. Yamamoto, S.-i. Hino, T. Michiue, S. Takada, M. Asashima, and A. Kikuchi A Novel beta -Catenin-binding Protein Inhibits beta -Catenin-dependent Tcf Activation and Axis Formation J. Biol. Chem., October 13, 2000; 275(42): 32871 - 32878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kadoya, S. Kishida, A. Fukui, T. Hinoi, T. Michiue, M. Asashima, and A. Kikuchi Inhibition of Wnt Signaling Pathway by a Novel Axin-binding Protein J. Biol. Chem., November 17, 2000; 275(47): 37030 - 37037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yamamoto, T. Hinoi, T. Michiue, A. Fukui, H. Usui, V. Janssens, C. Van Hoof, J. Goris, M. Asashima, and A. Kikuchi Inhibition of the Wnt Signaling Pathway by the PR61 Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A J. Biol. Chem., July 13, 2001; 276(29): 26875 - 26882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Kishida, S.-i. Hino, T. Michiue, H. Yamamoto, S. Kishida, A. Fukui, M. Asashima, and A. Kikuchi Synergistic Activation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway by Dvl and Casein Kinase Iepsilon J. Biol. Chem., August 24, 2001; 276(35): 33147 - 33155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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