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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 17, 11541-11548, April 23, 1999
Targeted Correction of an Episomal Gene in Mammalian Cells by a
Short DNA Fragment Tethered to a Triplex-forming Oligonucleotide
Phillip P.
Chan ,
Michael
Lin¶,
A. Fawad
Faruqi ,
James
Powell¶,
Michael M.
Seidman¶, and
Peter M.
Glazer
From the Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and
Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven,
Connecticut 06520-8040 and the ¶ National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825
Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can bind
to polypurine/polypyrimidine regions in DNA in a sequence-specific
manner and provoke DNA repair. We have coupled a TFO to a short donor fragment of DNA that shares homology to a selected gene as a strategy to mediate gene targeting and correction. In this bifunctional oligonucleotide, the TFO domain is designed to bind the target gene and stimulate repair and recombination, with the donor domain positioned for recombination and information transfer. A series of
these tethered donor-TFO (TD-TFO) molecules with donor domains of
40-44 nucleotides and TFO domains in both the purine and pyrimidine triplex motifs were tested for their ability to mediate either gene
correction or mutation of a supF reporter gene contained in
a SV40 shuttle vector in mammalian cells. In vitro binding assays revealed that the attachment of the donor domain via a flexible
linker did not significantly alter the binding affinity of the TFO
domain for the polypurine site in the supF target DNA, with
equilibrium dissociation constants in the 10 8
M range. Experiments in which the target vector and the
linked TD-TFOs were pre-incubated in vitro and
co-transfected into cells led to conversion frequencies approaching
1%, 4-fold greater than with the two domains unlinked. When cells that
had been previously transfected with the SV40 vector were
electroporated with the TD-TFOs, frequencies of base pair-specific gene
correction were seen in the range of 0.04%, up to 50-fold over
background and at least 3-fold over either domain alone or in unlinked
combinations. Sequence conversion by the TD-TFOs was achieved using
either single- or double-stranded donor domains and either triplex
motif. Substitution of either domain in the TD-TFO with control
sequences yielded reagents with diminished activity, as did mixtures of
unlinked TFO and donor DNA segments. The boost in activity provided by the attached TFO domain was reduced in cells deficient in the nucleotide excision repair factor XPA but was restored in a subclone of
these cells expressing XPA cDNA, suggesting a role for nucleotide excision repair in the pathway of triple helix-stimulated gene conversion. The ability to correct or mutate a specific target site in
mammalian cells using the TD-TFO strategy may provide a useful tool for
research and possibly for therapeutic applications.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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